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AN ACT
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relating to the notice and compensation a municipality must provide |
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before revoking the right to use property for a use that was allowed |
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before the adoption of or change to a zoning regulation or boundary. |
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BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS: |
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SECTION 1. Section 211.006, Local Government Code, is |
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amended by adding Subsection (a-1) to read as follows: |
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(a-1) In addition to any notice required by this section or |
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Section 211.007, the governing body of a municipality or a zoning |
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commission, as applicable, shall provide written notice of each |
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public hearing regarding any proposed adoption of or change to a |
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zoning regulation or boundary under which a current conforming use |
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of a property is a nonconforming use if the regulation or boundary |
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is adopted or changed. The notice must: |
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(1) be mailed by United States mail to each owner of |
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real or business personal property where the proposed nonconforming |
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use is located as indicated by the most recently approved municipal |
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tax roll and each occupant of the property not later than the 10th |
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day before the hearing date; |
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(2) contain the time and place of the hearing; and |
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(3) include the following text in bold 14-point type or |
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larger: |
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"THE [MUNICIPALITY NAME] IS HOLDING A HEARING THAT |
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WILL DETERMINE WHETHER YOU MAY LOSE THE RIGHT TO |
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CONTINUE USING YOUR PROPERTY FOR ITS CURRENT USE. |
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PLEASE READ THIS NOTICE CAREFULLY." |
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SECTION 2. Subchapter A, Chapter 211, Local Government |
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Code, is amended by adding Section 211.019 to read as follows: |
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Sec. 211.019. NONCONFORMING LAND USE. (a) In this section, |
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"market value" means the price the sale of the property would bring |
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in an arms-length transaction when offered for sale by one who |
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wishes, but is not obliged, to sell and when bought by one who is |
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under no necessity of buying it. |
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(b) A person using a property in a manner considered to be a |
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nonconforming use as a result of the adoption of or change to a |
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zoning regulation or boundary may continue to use the property in |
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the same manner unless required by a municipality to stop the |
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nonconforming use of the property. |
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(c) A requirement imposed by a municipality to stop a |
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nonconforming use of a property under this section includes: |
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(1) an official action by the governing body of the |
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municipality or a board, commission, department, or official of |
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the municipality; or |
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(2) a determination by the municipality that a |
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nonconforming use has an adverse effect or other necessary |
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determination that a municipality must make before imposing a |
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requirement to stop a nonconforming use under applicable law. |
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(d) If a municipality requires a property owner or lessee to |
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stop the nonconforming use of a property as described by Subsection |
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(b), the owner or lessee of the property is entitled to: |
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(1) payment from the municipality in an amount equal |
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to the sum of: |
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(A) the costs incurred by the owner or lessee of |
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the property that are directly attributable to ceasing the |
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nonconforming use of the property, including expenses related to |
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demolition, relocation, termination of a lease, or discharge of a |
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mortgage; and |
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(B) an amount equal to the greater of, as |
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determined by the municipality, the diminution in the market value |
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of the property, computed by subtracting the current market value |
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of the property after the imposition of a requirement to stop the |
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nonconforming use of the property from: |
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(i) the market value of the property on the |
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day before the date the notice was given under Section |
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211.006(a-1); or |
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(ii) the market value of the property on the |
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day before a person submits an application or request to the |
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municipality to require or the municipality otherwise requires a |
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person to stop using the property in a manner that is a |
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nonconforming use as described by Subsection (b); or |
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(2) continued nonconforming use of the property until |
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the owner or lessee recovers the amount determined under |
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Subdivision (1) through the owner or lessee's continued business |
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activities according to generally accepted accounting principles. |
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(e) Not later than the 10th day after the date a |
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municipality imposes a requirement to stop a nonconforming use of a |
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property under this section, the municipality shall give written |
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notice to each owner or lessee of the property, as indicated by the |
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most recently approved municipal tax roll, who is required to stop a |
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nonconforming use of the property of the requirement and of the |
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remedies which an owner or lessee of the property is entitled to |
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under Subsection (d). |
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(f) The owner or lessee of a property that is subject to a |
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requirement to stop a nonconforming use of the property under this |
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section shall not later than the 30th day after the date the |
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municipality gives the notice required by Subsection (e) respond in |
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writing to the municipality indicating the remedy under Subsection |
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(d) chosen by the owner or lessee. In the event of a conflict in the |
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choice of remedy by the owner and a lessee of the property, the |
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owner's choice of remedy shall control. In the event of a conflict |
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in the choice of remedy by the owners of a property that has more |
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than one owner, the choice of remedy made by an owner or owners |
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holding the greater ownership interest in the property shall |
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control. If the municipality does not receive timely notice from an |
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owner or lessee, the municipality may choose the remedy provided |
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under this section. |
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(g) A person receiving a payment under Subsection (d)(1) |
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must stop the nonconforming use not later than the 10th day after |
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the date of the payment. |
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(h) A person who continues the nonconforming use under |
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Subsection (d)(2) must stop the nonconforming use immediately on |
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the recovery of the amount determined under Subsection (d)(1). |
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(i) If more than one person seeks a payment from the |
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municipality under Subsection (d)(1), the municipality shall |
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apportion the payment between each person based on the market value |
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of the person's interest in the property. A person may appeal the |
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apportionment in the manner provided by this section. |
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(j) A person entitled to a remedy under this section may |
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appeal a determination under Subsection (d)(1) or (2) to the board |
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of adjustment of the municipality not later than the 20th day after |
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the date the determination is made. At the hearing before the board |
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of adjustment, the municipality has the burden of proof to |
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establish the correctness of its determination. |
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(k) A municipality or a person aggrieved by the final |
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decision of the board of adjustment under Subsection (j) may seek |
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judicial review of the decision by filing suit as provided by |
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Section 211.011 not later than the 20th day after the date the final |
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decision is made. The court shall review the decision in the manner |
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provided by Section 211.011 except that: |
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(1) the municipality has the burden of proving by clear |
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and convincing evidence that its determination was correct; and |
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(2) the court: |
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(A) in reviewing the municipality's decision may |
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not use a deferential standard in the municipality's favor; and |
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(B) is not limited to determining whether a |
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decision of the board meets the requirements of this chapter or |
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other applicable law. |
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(l) A person seeking to continue a nonconforming use under |
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Subsection (d)(2) who appeals the decision of the municipality or |
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board of adjustment may continue to use the property in the same |
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manner pending the appeal unless an official of the body that made |
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the decision shows cause to stay the nonconforming use by |
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certifying in writing to the board of adjustment or court with |
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jurisdiction over the appeal facts supporting the official's |
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opinion that continued nonconforming use of the property would |
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cause imminent peril to life or property. On a showing of cause the |
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board of adjustment or court with jurisdiction over the appeal may, |
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after notice to the official, grant a restraining order to stay |
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continued nonconforming use of the property. |
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(m) If the board of adjustment or court with jurisdiction |
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over an appeal determines that an owner or lessee is entitled to: |
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(1) a payment under this section in an amount |
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different than the amount determined by the municipality under |
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Subsection (d)(1), the board of adjustment or court shall order, as |
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applicable: |
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(A) additional payment to the owner or lessee; or |
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(B) the owner or lessee to reimburse the |
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municipality; or |
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(2) an amount of time to operate the nonconforming use |
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that is different than the amount of time initially received under |
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Subsection (d)(2), the board of adjustment or court shall order the |
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municipality to allow an owner or lessee to continue the |
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nonconforming use for additional or less time. |
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(n) An owner or lessee may waive the rights and remedies |
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provided by this section by providing to the municipality a written |
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waiver. |
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(o) This section does not apply to a nonconforming use that |
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has been intentionally abandoned for at least six months. |
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(p) A municipality's immunity from suit and governmental |
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immunity from liability are waived for purposes of an action |
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brought by a property owner or lessee to enforce the rights and |
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remedies under this section. |
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SECTION 3. (a) Section 211.006, Local Government Code, as |
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amended by this Act, and Section 211.019, Local Government Code, as |
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added by this Act, apply to a property for which: |
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(1) on or after June 1, 2023, the governing body or |
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zoning commission of a municipality considers a proposed adoption |
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of or change to a zoning regulation or boundary under which a |
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current conforming use of the property is a nonconforming use; or |
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(2) on or after February 1, 2023, the governing body or |
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a board, commission, department, or official of a municipality |
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requires, by ordinance or otherwise, or receives an application or |
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request to require a person to stop nonconforming use of the |
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property due to its nonconformity with the property's current |
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zoning. |
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(b) Subsection (a)(2) of this section applies to a property |
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regardless of whether the governing body or a board, commission, |
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department, or official of the municipality is required by |
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applicable law to make a determination that the nonconforming use |
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has an adverse effect or other determination before the |
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nonconforming use is required to stop. |
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SECTION 4. This Act takes effect immediately if it receives |
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a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to each house, as |
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provided by Section 39, Article III, Texas Constitution. If this |
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Act does not receive the vote necessary for immediate effect, this |
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Act takes effect September 1, 2023. |
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______________________________ |
______________________________ |
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President of the Senate |
Speaker of the House |
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I hereby certify that S.B. No. 929 passed the Senate on |
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April 20, 2023, by the following vote: Yeas 30, Nays 1. |
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______________________________ |
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Secretary of the Senate |
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I hereby certify that S.B. No. 929 passed the House on |
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May 4, 2023, by the following vote: Yeas 136, Nays 8, |
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one present not voting. |
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______________________________ |
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Chief Clerk of the House |
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Approved: |
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______________________________ |
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Date |
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______________________________ |
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Governor |