1-1 By: Danburg (Senate Sponsor - Wentworth) H.B. No. 1135
1-2 (In the Senate - Received from the House May 10, 1993;
1-3 May 11, 1993, read first time and referred to Committee on State
1-4 Affairs; May 20, 1993, reported favorably, as amended, by the
1-5 following vote: Yeas 9, Nays 0; May 20, 1993, sent to printer.)
1-6 COMMITTEE VOTE
1-7 Yea Nay PNV Absent
1-8 Harris of Dallas x
1-9 Rosson x
1-10 Carriker x
1-11 Henderson x
1-12 Leedom x
1-13 Lucio x
1-14 Luna x
1-15 Nelson x
1-16 Patterson x
1-17 Shelley x
1-18 Sibley x
1-19 West x
1-20 Whitmire x
1-21 COMMITTEE AMENDMENT NO. 1 By: Harris of Dallas
1-22 Amend HB 1135 to add new Section 3 as follows and renumber
1-23 subsequent sections accordingly:
1-24 Section 3. Repealer. The Administrative Adjudication of
1-25 Parking Offenses Act (Article 6701d-24, Vernon's Texas Civil
1-26 Statutes) is repealed.
1-27 A BILL TO BE ENTITLED
1-28 AN ACT
1-29 relating to the towing of vehicles.
1-30 BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:
1-31 SECTION 1. Chapter 835, Acts of the 65th Legislature,
1-32 Regular Session, 1977 (Article 6701g-2, Vernon's Texas Civil
1-33 Statutes), is amended to read as follows:
1-34 Sec. 1. In this Act:
1-35 (1) <(a)> "Parking facility" means any public or
1-36 private property used, in whole or in part, for restricted and/or
1-37 paid parking of vehicles. "Parking facility" includes but is not
1-38 limited to commercial parking lots, parking garages, and parking
1-39 areas serving or adjacent to businesses, churches, schools, homes,
1-40 <and> apartment complexes, property governed by a property owners'
1-41 association, and government-owned property leased to a private
1-42 person. "Parking facility" also includes a restricted space or
1-43 spaces on a portion or portions of an otherwise unrestricted
1-44 parking facility.
1-45 (2) <(b)> "Parking facility owner" means:
1-46 (A) an <any> operator or owner (including a
1-47 <any> lessee, employee, or agent thereof) of a parking facility;
1-48 (B) a property owners' association having
1-49 control over assigned or unassigned parking areas according to a
1-50 dedicatory instrument; and
1-51 (C) a property owner having exclusive use rights
1-52 to a parking space under a dedicatory instrument.
1-53 (3) <(c)> "Public roadway <highway>" means any public
1-54 street, alley, road, right-of-way, or other public way, including
1-55 paved and unpaved portions of the right-of-way, unless otherwise
1-56 stated.
1-57 (4) <(d)> "Towing company" means a person operating a
1-58 tow truck registered under Chapter 1135, Acts of the 70th
1-59 Legislature, Regular Session, 1987 (Article 6687-9b, Vernon's Texas
1-60 Civil Statutes) <any individual, corporation, partnership, or
1-61 association engaged in the business of towing vehicles on a public
1-62 highway for compensation or with the expectation of compensation
1-63 for the towing, storage, or repair of vehicles>. The term "towing
1-64 company" includes the owner, operator, employee, or agent of a
1-65 towing company, but does not include cities, counties, or other
1-66 political subdivisions of the state.
1-67 (5) <(e)> "Vehicle" means every kind of device in,
1-68 upon, or by which any person or property is or may be transported
2-1 or drawn on a public roadway <highway>, except devices moved by
2-2 human power or used exclusively on stationary rails or tracks. The
2-3 term includes an operable or inoperable automobile, truck,
2-4 motorcycle, recreational vehicle, or trailer.
2-5 (6) <(f)> "Unauthorized vehicle" means any vehicle
2-6 parked, stored, or situated in or on a parking facility without the
2-7 consent of the parking facility owner.
2-8 (7) "Property owners' association" and "dedicatory
2-9 instrument" have the meanings assigned by Section 202.001, Property
2-10 Code.
2-11 (8) "Vehicle storage facility" means a facility
2-12 operated by a person licensed under the Vehicle Storage Facility
2-13 Act (Article 6687-9a, Revised Statutes).
2-14 Sec. 2. (a) The owner or operator of a vehicle may not
2-15 leave a vehicle unattended on a parking facility if the vehicle:
2-16 (1) is in or obstructs a vehicular traffic aisle,
2-17 entry, or exit of the parking facility;
2-18 (2) prevents a vehicle from exiting a parking space in
2-19 the facility;
2-20 (3) is in or obstructs a fire lane marked according to
2-21 Subsection (b) of this section; or
2-22 (4) is in a disabled parking space that is designated
2-23 for the exclusive use of vehicles transporting disabled persons and
2-24 does not display the specially designed license plate for vehicles
2-25 transporting disabled persons or the removeable windshield
2-26 identification card issued under Chapter 338, Acts of the 64th
2-27 Legislature, Regular Session, 1975 (Article 6675a-5e.1, Vernon's
2-28 Texas Civil Statutes).
2-29 (b) If a government regulation governing the marking of fire
2-30 lanes applies to a parking facility, fire lanes in the facility
2-31 must be marked as provided by the regulation. If a government
2-32 regulation on the marking of fire lanes does not apply to the
2-33 parking facility, all curbs of fire lanes must be painted red and
2-34 be conspicuously and legibly marked with the warning "FIRE
2-35 LANE--TOW AWAY ZONE" in white letters at least three inches tall,
2-36 at intervals not exceeding 50 feet.
2-37 (c) This section does not apply to an emergency vehicle that
2-38 is owned by or the operation of which is authorized by a
2-39 governmental entity.
2-40 Sec. 3. <2.> (a) A parking facility owner may, without the
2-41 consent of the owner or operator of an unauthorized vehicle, cause
2-42 such vehicle and any property resting on or contained within it to
2-43 be removed and stored at a vehicle storage facility at the expense
2-44 of the owner or operator of the vehicle, if any of the following
2-45 occurs:
2-46 (1) <(i)> a sign or signs prohibiting unauthorized
2-47 vehicles have been installed on the parking facility for at least
2-48 24 consecutive hours and remain installed at the time of towing<,
2-49 specifying those persons who may park in the parking facility and
2-50 prohibiting all others, are placed so that they are readable day or
2-51 night from all entrances to the parking facility (but signs need
2-52 not be illuminated)>;
2-53 (2) <(ii)> the owner or operator of the unauthorized
2-54 vehicle has actually received notice from the parking facility
2-55 owner that the vehicle will be towed at the vehicle owner's or
2-56 operator's expense <away> if it is parked in an unauthorized space
2-57 or not removed from an unauthorized space; <or>
2-58 (3) the parking facility owner gives notice to the
2-59 owner or operator of the unauthorized vehicle as provided by
2-60 Subsection (b) of this section that the vehicle will be towed at
2-61 the expense of the owner or operator if it is in an unauthorized
2-62 space or is not removed from an unauthorized space; or
2-63 (4) <(iii)> the unauthorized vehicle, in violation of
2-64 Section 2 of this Act, is preventing another vehicle from exiting a
2-65 parking space on the parking facility or is in or obstructing a
2-66 fire lane, disabled parking space, aisle, entry, or exit, including
2-67 any portion of a paved driveway or abutting public roadway used for
2-68 entering or exiting the facility <is obstructing an entrance, exit,
2-69 fire lane, or aisle of the parking facility>.
2-70 (b) A parking facility owner is considered to have given
3-1 notice under Subsection (a)(3) of this section if:
3-2 (1) a conspicuous notice has been attached to the
3-3 vehicle's front windshield, or to another conspicuous location on
3-4 the vehicle if the vehicle has no front windshield, stating that
3-5 the vehicle is in a parking space in which the vehicle is not
3-6 authorized to be parked, describing all other unauthorized areas in
3-7 the parking facility, stating that the vehicle will be towed at the
3-8 expense of the owner or operator if it remains in an unauthorized
3-9 area of the parking facility, and stating a telephone number that
3-10 is answered 24 hours a day to enable the owner or operator of a
3-11 towed vehicle to locate the vehicle; and
3-12 (2) after the notice was attached to the vehicle as
3-13 provided by Subdivision (1) of this subsection:
3-14 (A) the vehicle is parked by the owner or
3-15 operator of the vehicle in another location where parking is
3-16 unauthorized for the vehicle according to the notice; or
3-17 (B) a notice was mailed to the vehicle owner by
3-18 certified mail, return receipt requested, to the last address shown
3-19 for the vehicle owner according to the vehicle registration records
3-20 of the Texas Department of Transportation, or if the vehicle is
3-21 registered in another state, the appropriate agency of that state.
3-22 (c) The notice under Subsection (b)(2)(B) of this section
3-23 must state that the vehicle is in a space for which the vehicle is
3-24 not authorized to park, describe all other unauthorized areas in
3-25 the parking facility, contain a warning that the unauthorized
3-26 vehicle will be towed at the expense of the owner or operator if it
3-27 is not removed from the parking facility before the 15th day after
3-28 the postmark date of the notice, and state a telephone number that
3-29 is answered 24 hours a day to enable the owner or operator of a
3-30 towed vehicle to locate it.
3-31 (d) A <(b) Otherwise, a> parking facility owner may not
3-32 have an unauthorized vehicle removed from the facility except as
3-33 provided by this Act, a municipal ordinance that complies with
3-34 Section 10 of this Act, or under the direction of a peace officer
3-35 or the owner or operator of such vehicle.
3-36 (e) <(c)> A parking facility owner who causes the removal of
3-37 an unauthorized vehicle in compliance with the provisions of this
3-38 Act <section> shall not be liable for damages arising out of the
3-39 removal or storage of such vehicle if the vehicle is:
3-40 (1) removed by a towing company insured against
3-41 liability for property damage incurred in towing vehicles; and
3-42 (2) stored by a vehicle storage facility insured
3-43 against liability for property damage incurred in storing
3-44 vehicles<, if the same is removed by an insured towing company>.
3-45 (f) If a parking facility owner posts an unauthorized
3-46 parking sign as described in Sections 6(a), (b), and (c) of this
3-47 Act anywhere in the facility, the owner of a vehicle that is towed
3-48 from the facility for any reason under this Act must be able to
3-49 locate the vehicle by calling the telephone number posted on the
3-50 sign.
3-51 Sec. 4. <3.> (a) Only a <A> towing company that is insured
3-52 against liability for property damage incurred in towing vehicles
3-53 may, without the consent of the owner or operator of an
3-54 unauthorized vehicle, remove and store such vehicle at a vehicle
3-55 storage facility at the expense of the owner or operator of the
3-56 vehicle, if any of the following occurs:
3-57 (1) the towing company has received written
3-58 verification from the parking facility owner that the parking
3-59 facility owner has, in compliance with Section (3)(a)(1) of this
3-60 Act, caused signs to be installed in accordance with Section 6 of
3-61 this Act;
3-62 (2) <(i) a sign or signs, specifying those persons who
3-63 may park in the parking facility and prohibiting all others, are
3-64 placed so that they are readable day or night from all entrances to
3-65 the parking facility (but signs need not be illuminated);>
3-66 <(ii)> the towing company has received written
3-67 verification from the parking facility owner that the vehicle owner
3-68 or operator received actual notice under Section 3(a)(2) of this
3-69 Act or that the facility owner gave notice complying with Section
3-70 3(a)(3) of this Act <that the owner or operator of the unauthorized
4-1 vehicle has been actually notified by the parking facility owner>
4-2 that the vehicle will be towed at the vehicle owner's or operator's
4-3 expense <away> if it is not removed; or
4-4 (3) <(iii)> the unauthorized vehicle in violation of
4-5 Section 2 of this Act is preventing another vehicle from exiting a
4-6 parking space or is in or obstructing a fire lane, disabled parking
4-7 space, aisle, entry, or exit, including any portion of a paved
4-8 driveway or abutting public roadway used for entering or exiting
4-9 the facility <is obstructing an entrance, exit, fire lane, or aisle
4-10 of the parking facility>.
4-11 (b) A <Otherwise, a> towing company may not remove an
4-12 unauthorized vehicle except under this Act, a municipal ordinance
4-13 that complies with Section 10 of this Act, or the direction of a
4-14 peace officer or the owner or operator of such vehicle.
4-15 Sec. 5. (a) A vehicle storage facility accepting a vehicle
4-16 that is towed under this Act, within two hours after receiving the
4-17 vehicle, shall report to the police department of the municipality
4-18 in which the parking facility is located, or, if the parking
4-19 facility is not located within a municipality having a police
4-20 department, to the sheriff of the county in which the parking
4-21 facility is located, the following information:
4-22 (1) a general description of the vehicle;
4-23 (2) the state and number of the vehicle's license
4-24 plate, if any;
4-25 (3) the vehicle's vehicle identification number, if it
4-26 can be ascertained;
4-27 (4) the location from which the vehicle was towed; and
4-28 (5) the name and location of the vehicle storage
4-29 facility where the vehicle is being stored.
4-30 (b) The vehicle storage facility shall deliver the report
4-31 required by this section by telephone, facsimile, or personal
4-32 delivery.
4-33 Sec. 6. (a) Except as provided by Subsection (d), (e), or
4-34 (f) of this section, for an unauthorized vehicle to be towed under
4-35 Section 3(a)(1) of this Act, a sign prohibiting unauthorized
4-36 vehicles on a parking facility must be:
4-37 (1) conspicuously visible to and facing the driver of
4-38 a vehicle that enters the facility;
4-39 (2) located on the right-hand or left-hand side of
4-40 each driveway or curb-cut through which a vehicle can enter the
4-41 facility, including any entry point along an alley abutting the
4-42 facility;
4-43 (3) permanently mounted on a pole, post, permanent
4-44 wall, or permanent barrier;
4-45 (4) installed on the parking facility; and
4-46 (5) installed so that the bottom edge of the sign is
4-47 no lower than five feet and no higher than eight feet above ground
4-48 level.
4-49 (b) Except as provided by Subsection (e) of this section,
4-50 for an unauthorized vehicle to be towed under Section 3(a)(1) of
4-51 this Act, each sign prohibiting unauthorized vehicles must:
4-52 (1) be made of weather-resistant material;
4-53 (2) be at least 18 inches wide and 24 inches tall;
4-54 (3) contain the international symbol for towing
4-55 vehicles, which is a generally rectangular shape and contains a
4-56 solid silhouette of a tow truck towing a vehicle;
4-57 (4) contain a statement describing who may park in
4-58 the parking facility and prohibiting all others, such as "Tenant
4-59 Parking Only," "Patient Parking Only," "Parking for Customers and
4-60 Permit Holders Only," or "No Parking by Anyone";
4-61 (5) bear the words "Unauthorized Vehicles Will Be
4-62 Towed at Owner's or Operator's Expense";
4-63 (6) contain a statement of the days and hours of
4-64 towing enforcement, such as "Towing Enforced at All Times" or
4-65 "Towing Enforced 7 a.m. to 7 p.m., Monday through Friday"; and
4-66 (7) contain a current telephone number, including the
4-67 area code, that is answered 24 hours a day to enable the owner or
4-68 operator of a towed vehicle to locate it.
4-69 (c) Except as provided by Subsection (e) of this section,
4-70 each sign required by this Act shall comply with the following
5-1 color, layout, and lettering height requirements:
5-2 (1) the topmost portion of the sign must contain the
5-3 international towing symbol. The symbol must be bright red on a
5-4 white background, at least four inches tall, and placed at the top
5-5 of the unauthorized parking sign or on a separate sign immediately
5-6 above the unauthorized parking sign;
5-7 (2) the portion of the sign immediately below the
5-8 towing symbol must contain the words "Towing Enforced" or the
5-9 information in Subsection (b)(4) of this section in lettering at
5-10 least two inches tall. Before January 1, 1996, the lettering on
5-11 this portion of the sign must be white letters on a bright red
5-12 background or bright red letters on a white background, and after
5-13 that date, the lettering on this portion must be white letters on a
5-14 bright red background;
5-15 (3) except as provided by Subdivision (4) of this
5-16 subsection, the next portion of the sign must contain the remaining
5-17 information required by Subsection (b) of this section, with bright
5-18 red letters at least one inch tall on a white background; and
5-19 (4) the bottommost portion of the sign must contain
5-20 the 24-hour telephone number, in lettering at least one inch tall
5-21 and may, if the facility owner chooses or if an applicable
5-22 municipal ordinance requires, include the name and address of the
5-23 storage facility to which an unauthorized vehicle will be removed.
5-24 Before January 1, 1996, the lettering on this portion of the sign
5-25 must be white letters on a bright red background or bright red
5-26 letters on a white background. After that date, the lettering on
5-27 this portion must be white letters on a bright red background.
5-28 (d) A parking facility owner may designate one or more
5-29 spaces as restricted parking spaces on a portion or portions of an
5-30 otherwise unrestricted parking facility. Instead of installing
5-31 unauthorized parking signs at each entrance to the parking facility
5-32 as provided by Subsection (a)(2) of this section, a sign that
5-33 prohibits unauthorized vehicles from parking in designated spaces
5-34 and that otherwise complies with Subsections (a), (b), and (c) of
5-35 this section, may be placed:
5-36 (1) at the right-hand or left-hand side of each
5-37 entrance to a designated area or group of parking spaces located on
5-38 the restricted portion of the parking facility; or
5-39 (2) at the end of an individual parking space so that
5-40 the sign, with the top no higher than seven feet above ground
5-41 level, is in front of a vehicle parked in the space with the rear
5-42 of the vehicle being at the entrance of the space.
5-43 (e) A parking facility owner who complies with the entry
5-44 sign requirements of Subsection (a), (b), or (c) of this section
5-45 may impose individual parking restrictions in an area covered by
5-46 the signs for individual spaces by installing or painting a
5-47 weather-resistant sign or notice on a curb, pole, post, permanent
5-48 wall, or permanent barrier so that the sign is in front of a
5-49 vehicle parked in the space with the rear of the vehicle being at
5-50 the entrance of the space. The top of the sign or notice must be
5-51 no higher than seven feet above ground level. A sign must include
5-52 an indication that the space is reserved for a particular unit
5-53 number, person, or type of person, such as "Reserved for Unit 101,"
5-54 "Reserved for Suite 202," "Reserved for John Doe," "Reserved for
5-55 Tenant," "Reserved for Permit Holders," or "Reserved for Permit
5-56 #123". The letters must be at least two inches tall and must
5-57 contrast to the color of the curb, wall, or barrier so they can be
5-58 read day and night. The letters do not need to be illuminated or
5-59 made of reflective material.
5-60 (f) If curbs, access barriers, landscaping, or driveways do
5-61 not establish definite vehicle entrances onto the parking facility
5-62 from a public roadway other than an alley and if an entrance
5-63 exceeds 35 feet in width, each of the unauthorized parking signs
5-64 otherwise complying with Subsections (a), (b), and (c) must be
5-65 located at intervals along the entrance so that no entrance is
5-66 further than 25 feet from a sign.
5-67 (g) Minor variations of required or minimum heights of signs
5-68 and letters do not constitute a violation of this Act.
5-69 Sec. 7. <4.> (a) In this Act, a parking facility includes:
5-70 (1) a portion of the right-of-way of a public roadway
6-1 that is leased by a governmental entity to the parking facility
6-2 owner; and
6-3 (2) the area between the facility's property line
6-4 abutting a county or municipal public roadway and the center line
6-5 of the roadway's drainageway or the curb of the roadway, whichever
6-6 is farthest from the facility's property line.
6-7 (b) Unless prohibited in the lease, a parking facility owner
6-8 or towing company may remove an unauthorized vehicle parked in
6-9 whole or in part in a leased area described by Subsection (a)(1) of
6-10 this section if the owner or towing company:
6-11 (1) gives notice by sign as provided by Section
6-12 3(a)(1) of this Act and otherwise complies with this Act; or
6-13 (2) gives notice to the vehicle owner or operator as
6-14 provided by Section 3(a)(2) or 3(a)(3) of this Act and otherwise
6-15 complies with this Act.
6-16 (c) Unless prohibited by an applicable municipal ordinance,
6-17 a parking facility owner or towing company may remove an
6-18 unauthorized vehicle parked in whole or in part in an area
6-19 described by Subsection (a)(2) of this section by giving notice as
6-20 provided by Section 3(a)(2) or 3(a)(3) of this Act and otherwise
6-21 complying with this Act.
6-22 (d) A governmental authority that has jurisdiction over a
6-23 public roadway and that has posted one or more signs in the
6-24 right-of-way stating that parking is prohibited in the right-of-way
6-25 may:
6-26 (1) remove or contract with a towing company to remove
6-27 an unauthorized vehicle parked in the right-of-way of the public
6-28 roadway, on direction of a representative of the governmental
6-29 authority; or
6-30 (2) grant written permission to an abutting parking
6-31 facility owner to post "No parking in R.O.W." signs along the
6-32 common property line between the facility and the public roadway
6-33 and to remove vehicles from the right-of-way of the public roadway
6-34 in compliance with this Act.
6-35 (e) The signs under Subsection (d)(2) of this section must
6-36 state that vehicles parked in the right-of-way may be towed at the
6-37 vehicle owner's or operator's expense and must be placed facing the
6-38 public roadway, on the parking facility owner's property within two
6-39 feet from the common boundary line, and at intervals so that no
6-40 point in the boundary line is less than 25 feet from a sign posted
6-41 under this subsection. In all other respects the signs must comply
6-42 with Section 6 of this Act.
6-43 (f) If "No parking in R.O.W." signs have been posted in
6-44 accordance with Subsection (e) of this section, a parking facility
6-45 owner or a towing company may remove an unauthorized vehicle from
6-46 the right-of-way to the extent allowed in the governmental
6-47 authority's written permission to the facility owner under
6-48 Subsection (d)(2) of this section.
6-49 (g) A parking facility owner or towing company may not
6-50 remove a vehicle from a public roadway <highway> except under this
6-51 Act, a municipal ordinance complying with Section 10 of this Act,
6-52 or the direction of a peace officer or the owner or operator of
6-53 such vehicle.
6-54 Sec. 8. <5.> A parking facility owner may not accept
6-55 anything of value, directly or indirectly, from a towing company in
6-56 connection with the removal of a vehicle from a parking facility.
6-57 A parking facility owner may not have a monetary <pecuniary>
6-58 interest, directly or indirectly, in a towing company which removes
6-59 unauthorized vehicles for compensation from a parking facility in
6-60 which the parking facility owner has an interest.
6-61 Sec. 9. <6.> A towing company may not give anything of
6-62 value, directly or indirectly, to a parking facility owner in
6-63 connection with the removal of a vehicle from a parking facility.
6-64 A towing company may not have a monetary <pecuniary> interest,
6-65 directly or indirectly, in a parking facility from which the towing
6-66 company removes unauthorized vehicles for compensation.
6-67 Sec. 10. A municipality may adopt an ordinance that is
6-68 identical to this Act or that imposes additional requirements that
6-69 exceed the minimum standards contained in this Act but may not
6-70 adopt an ordinance that conflicts with this Act.
7-1 Sec. 11. <7.> (a) Any towing company or parking facility
7-2 owner who violates this Act shall be liable to the owner or
7-3 operator of the vehicle for damages arising out of the removal or
7-4 storage of such vehicle and/or any towing or storage fees assessed
7-5 in connection with the removal or storage of such vehicle.
7-6 Negligence on the part of the parking facility owner or towing
7-7 company need not be proven in order to recover under this
7-8 subsection.
7-9 (b) A towing company or parking facility owner who
7-10 knowingly, intentionally, or recklessly violates this Act shall be
7-11 liable to the owner or operator of the vehicle for $300 <$100> plus
7-12 treble the amount of fees assessed in the removal, towing, or
7-13 storage of the vehicle.
7-14 (c) In any suit brought under this Act, the prevailing party
7-15 shall recover reasonable attorney's fees from the nonprevailing
7-16 party.
7-17 Sec. 12. <8.> Any violation of this Act is punishable by a
7-18 fine of not less than $200 and not more than $500 <a Class B
7-19 misdemeanor>. Any violation of the provisions of this Act may be
7-20 enjoined pursuant to the provisions of the Deceptive Trade
7-21 Practices-Consumer Protection Act.
7-22 SECTION 2. Chapter 480, Acts of the 65th Legislature,
7-23 Regular Session, 1977 (Article 6701g-1, Vernon's Texas Civil
7-24 Statutes), is repealed.
7-25 SECTION 3. The changes in law made by this Act apply only to
7-26 a removal of an unauthorized vehicle from a parking facility that
7-27 occurs on or after the effective date of this Act. A removal of an
7-28 unauthorized vehicle from a parking facility that occurs before the
7-29 effective date of this Act is governed by the law in effect when
7-30 the removal occurred, and the former law is continued in effect for
7-31 that purpose.
7-32 SECTION 4. This Act takes effect January 1, 1994.
7-33 SECTION 5. The importance of this legislation and the
7-34 crowded condition of the calendars in both houses create an
7-35 emergency and an imperative public necessity that the
7-36 constitutional rule requiring bills to be read on three several
7-37 days in each house be suspended, and this rule is hereby suspended.
7-38 * * * * *
7-39 Austin,
7-40 Texas
7-41 May 20, 1993
7-42 Hon. Bob Bullock
7-43 President of the Senate
7-44 Sir:
7-45 We, your Committee on State Affairs to which was referred H.B. No.
7-46 1135, have had the same under consideration, and I am instructed to
7-47 report it back to the Senate with the recommendation that it do
7-48 pass, as amended, and be printed.
7-49 Harris of
7-50 Dallas, Chairman
7-51 * * * * *
7-52 WITNESSES
7-53 FOR AGAINST ON
7-54 ___________________________________________________________________
7-55 Name: Larry Niemann x
7-56 Representing: Texas Apartment Assn
7-57 City: Austin
7-58 -------------------------------------------------------------------
7-59 Name: Larry Niemannress x
7-60 Representing: Texas Building Owners & Mgrs
7-61 City: Austin
7-62 -------------------------------------------------------------------
7-63 Name: Larry Niemann x
7-64 Representing: Intl Co of Shopping Centers
7-65 City: Austin
7-66 -------------------------------------------------------------------
7-67 Name: Larry Niemann x
7-68 Representing: Texas Mini Storage Assn
7-69 City: Austin
7-70 -------------------------------------------------------------------
8-1 Name: Marilyn Childress x
8-2 Representing: Community Assns Institute
8-3 City: Austin
8-4 -------------------------------------------------------------------
8-5 FOR AGAINST ON
8-6 ___________________________________________________________________
8-7 Name: Jeanette Rash x
8-8 Representing: Texas Towing & Storage Assn
8-9 City: Houston
8-10 -------------------------------------------------------------------
8-11 Name: Howold Simmons x
8-12 Representing:
8-13 City: Austin
8-14 -------------------------------------------------------------------
8-15 Name: Cary Kirkland x
8-16 Representing:
8-17 City: Austin
8-18 -------------------------------------------------------------------