By Sadler                                       H.B. No. 2943
      75R9236 ESH-D                           
                                A BILL TO BE ENTITLED
 1-1                                   AN ACT
 1-2     relating to regulating certain political contributions, political
 1-3     expenditures, and political advertising; providing criminal
 1-4     penalties.
 1-5           BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:
 1-6           SECTION 1.  Chapter 253, Election Code, is amended by adding
 1-7     Subchapter G to read as follows:
 1-8             SUBCHAPTER G.  CONTRIBUTION AND EXPENDITURE LIMITS
 1-9                    FOR EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE OFFICES
1-10           Sec. 253.201.  APPLICABILITY OF SUBCHAPTER.  This subchapter
1-11     applies only to a political contribution or political expenditure
1-12     in connection with:
1-13                 (1)  a statewide office other than a judicial office;
1-14                 (2)  the office of state senator;
1-15                 (3)  the office of state representative; or
1-16                 (4)  the office of member, State Board of Education.
1-17           Sec. 253.202.  DEFINITIONS.  In this subchapter:
1-18                 (1)  "Complying candidate" means a candidate who files
1-19     a declaration of compliance under Section 253.213(a)(1).
1-20                 (2)  "Election cycle" means:
1-21                       (A)  the general primary election, runoff primary
1-22     election, if any, and general election for state and county
1-23     officers; or
1-24                       (B)  a special election and runoff election, if
 2-1     any.
 2-2                 (3)  "Noncomplying candidate" means a candidate who:
 2-3                       (A)  files a declaration of intent to exceed the
 2-4     limits on political expenditures under Section 253.213(a)(2);
 2-5                       (B)  files a declaration of compliance under
 2-6     Section 253.213(a)(1) but later exceeds the limits on political
 2-7     expenditures; or
 2-8                       (C)  fails to file a declaration of compliance
 2-9     under Section 253.213(a)(1) or a declaration of intent under
2-10     Section 253.213(a)(2).
2-11                 (4)  "With respect to an election cycle" means:
2-12                       (A)  with regard to a political contribution that
2-13     is designated in writing for a particular election, the election
2-14     cycle that includes the election designated; or
2-15                       (B)  with regard to a political contribution that
2-16     is not designated in writing for a particular election or that is
2-17     designated as an officeholder contribution, the election cycle that
2-18     includes the next election for that office occurring after the
2-19     contribution is made.
2-20           Sec. 253.203.  CONTRIBUTION LIMITS.  (a)  Except as provided
2-21     by Subsection (c), a person may not knowingly make or authorize
2-22     political contributions to a candidate or officeholder that, with
2-23     respect to an election cycle in which the candidate or officeholder
2-24     is involved, in the aggregate exceed:
2-25                 (1)  for a statewide office, $5,000; or
2-26                 (2)  for an office other than a statewide office,
2-27     $1,000.
 3-1           (b)  A person may not knowingly accept a political
 3-2     contribution, and shall refuse a political contribution that is
 3-3     received, in violation of Subsection (a).
 3-4           (c)  This section does not apply to a political contribution
 3-5     made by a general-purpose committee.
 3-6           (d)  A person who violates this section commits an offense.
 3-7     An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.
 3-8           Sec. 253.204.  CONTRIBUTION BY SPOUSE OR CHILD CONSIDERED TO
 3-9     BE CONTRIBUTION BY INDIVIDUAL.  (a)  For purposes of Section
3-10     253.203, a political contribution by the spouse or child of an
3-11     individual is considered to be a contribution by the individual.
3-12           (b)  In this section, "child" means a person under 18 years
3-13     of age who is not and has not been married or who has not had the
3-14     disabilities of minority removed for general purposes.
3-15           Sec. 253.205.  CONTRIBUTION LIMITS:  GENERAL-PURPOSE
3-16     COMMITTEE.  (a)  A general-purpose committee may not knowingly make
3-17     or authorize political contributions to a candidate or officeholder
3-18     that, with respect to an election cycle in which the candidate or
3-19     officeholder is involved, in the aggregate exceed:
3-20                 (1)  for a statewide office, $10,000; or
3-21                 (2)  for an office other than a statewide office,
3-22     $1,000.
3-23           (b)  A person may not knowingly accept a political
3-24     contribution, and shall refuse a political contribution that is
3-25     received, in violation of Subsection (a).
3-26           (c)  A person who violates this section commits an offense.
3-27     An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.
 4-1           Sec. 253.206.  AGGREGATE LIMIT ON CONTRIBUTIONS FROM
 4-2     GENERAL-PURPOSE COMMITTEES.  (a)  A candidate or officeholder may
 4-3     not knowingly accept a political contribution from a
 4-4     general-purpose committee that, when aggregated with each other
 4-5     political contribution from a general-purpose committee, exceeds:
 4-6                 (1)  for the office of governor, $1,500,000;
 4-7                 (2)  for a statewide office other than governor,
 4-8     $300,000;
 4-9                 (3)  for the office of state senator, $52,500; or
4-10                 (4)  for the office of state representative or member,
4-11     State Board of Education, $15,000.
4-12           (b)  The limit prescribed by Subsection (a) applies with
4-13     respect to an election cycle in which the candidate or officeholder
4-14     is involved.
4-15           (c)  A person who violates this section commits an offense.
4-16     An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.
4-17           Sec. 253.207.  CONTRIBUTION TO CERTAIN COMMITTEES CONSIDERED
4-18     CONTRIBUTION TO CANDIDATE OR OFFICEHOLDER.  For purposes of
4-19     Sections 253.203, 253.205, and 253.206, a political contribution to
4-20     a specific-purpose committee for the purpose of supporting a
4-21     candidate, opposing the candidate's opponent, or assisting the
4-22     candidate as an officeholder is considered to be a political
4-23     contribution to the candidate or officeholder.
4-24           Sec. 253.208.  CERTAIN DIRECT CAMPAIGN EXPENDITURES
4-25     CONSIDERED CONTRIBUTION TO CANDIDATE.  (a)  For purposes of
4-26     Sections 253.203, 253.205, and 253.206, a direct campaign
4-27     expenditure for the purpose of supporting a candidate or opposing a
 5-1     candidate's opponent made by a person other than a specific-purpose
 5-2     committee is considered to be a political contribution to the
 5-3     candidate whom the expenditure benefits unless the person making
 5-4     the expenditure or the person's campaign treasurer, if any, in an
 5-5     affidavit filed with the commission, states that the expenditure is
 5-6     not made with the cooperation or prior consent of, in consultation
 5-7     with, or at the suggestion of:
 5-8                 (1)  the candidate whom the expenditure benefits;
 5-9                 (2)  a specific-purpose committee for supporting the
5-10     candidate or opposing the candidate's opponent; or
5-11                 (3)  a person acting with the candidate's knowledge and
5-12     consent.
5-13           (b)  An affidavit under Subsection (a) must be filed with the
5-14     report under Chapter 254 in which the direct campaign expenditure
5-15     is required to be reported.
5-16           Sec. 253.209.  NOTICE TO CANDIDATE OR OFFICEHOLDER OF INTENT
5-17     TO ACCEPT CONTRIBUTIONS OR MAKE EXPENDITURES.  (a)  The  campaign
5-18     treasurer of a specific-purpose committee that intends to accept
5-19     political contributions or make political expenditures for the
5-20     purpose of supporting a candidate covered by this subchapter,
5-21     opposing such a candidate's opponent, or assisting such a candidate
5-22     as an officeholder shall deliver written notice of the committee's
5-23     intent to the candidate or officeholder.
5-24           (b)  The notice must include the full name and address of the
5-25     specific-purpose committee and of its campaign treasurer.
5-26           (c)  The notice must be delivered not later than the later
5-27     of:
 6-1                 (1)  the date the committee files its campaign
 6-2     treasurer appointment; or
 6-3                 (2)  the third day after the date the committee
 6-4     determines it intends to accept political contributions or make
 6-5     political expenditures for which notice under this section is
 6-6     required.
 6-7           (d)  A campaign treasurer who violates this section commits
 6-8     an offense.  An offense under this section is a Class A
 6-9     misdemeanor.
6-10           Sec. 253.210.  NOTICE TO CANDIDATE, OFFICEHOLDER, OR
6-11     COMMITTEE OF RECEIPT OF CONTRIBUTION.  (a)  The campaign treasurer
6-12     of a specific-purpose committee that receives a political
6-13     contribution that is considered under Section 253.207 to be a
6-14     political contribution to a candidate or officeholder shall, not
6-15     later than the fifth day after the date the contribution is
6-16     received, deliver written notice of that fact to the affected
6-17     candidate or officeholder.
6-18           (b)  A candidate or officeholder who receives a political
6-19     contribution shall, not later than the fifth day after the date the
6-20     contribution is received, deliver written notice of that fact to
6-21     the campaign treasurer of each specific-purpose committee that
6-22     notifies the candidate or officeholder under Section 253.209 that
6-23     the committee intends to accept political contributions or make
6-24     political expenditures on the candidate's or officeholder's behalf.
6-25           (c)  A notice under this section must include:
6-26                 (1)  the full name and address of the person receiving
6-27     the political contribution and of the person's campaign treasurer,
 7-1     if any;
 7-2                 (2)  the full name and address of the person making the
 7-3     contribution;
 7-4                 (3)  the date the contribution is received; and
 7-5                 (4)  the amount of the contribution.
 7-6           (d)  A person who violates this section commits an offense.
 7-7     An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.
 7-8           Sec. 253.211.  NOTICE TO CANDIDATE OF DIRECT CAMPAIGN
 7-9     EXPENDITURE.  (a)  A person who makes a direct campaign expenditure
7-10     that is considered under Section 253.208 to be a political
7-11     contribution to a candidate shall, not later than the fifth day
7-12     after the date the expenditure is made, deliver written notice of
7-13     that fact to the candidate whom the expenditure benefits.
7-14           (b)  A notice under this section must include:
7-15                 (1)  the full name and address of the person making the
7-16     direct campaign expenditure and of the person's campaign treasurer,
7-17     if any;
7-18                 (2)  the date the expenditure is made;
7-19                 (3)  the amount of the expenditure; and
7-20                 (4)  if applicable, a copy of the affidavit to be filed
7-21     as required by Section 253.208.
7-22           (c)  A person who violates this section commits an offense.
7-23     An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.
7-24           Sec. 253.212.  RETURN OF EXCESS CONTRIBUTION.  (a)  A person
7-25     who receives a political contribution, the acceptance of  which
7-26     would violate Section 253.203, 253.205, or 253.206, shall return
7-27     the contribution to the contributor not later than the 10th day
 8-1     after the date the contribution is received.
 8-2           (b)  A political contribution that is not returned as
 8-3     required by this section is considered to be accepted.
 8-4           Sec. 253.213.  VOLUNTARY COMPLIANCE.  (a)  Not later than the
 8-5     10th day after the date a person becomes a candidate for an office
 8-6     covered by this subchapter, the person shall file with the
 8-7     commission:
 8-8                 (1)  a sworn declaration of compliance stating that the
 8-9     person voluntarily agrees to comply with the limits on political
8-10     expenditures prescribed by this subchapter; or
8-11                 (2)  a written declaration of the person's intent to
8-12     make political expenditures that exceed the limits prescribed by
8-13     this subchapter.
8-14           (b)  A candidate may not knowingly accept a campaign
8-15     contribution or make or authorize a campaign expenditure before the
8-16     candidate files a declaration under Subsection (a).
8-17           (c)  A person who violates Subsection (b) commits an offense.
8-18     An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.
8-19           Sec. 253.214.  EFFECT OF NONCOMPLYING CANDIDATE.  (a)  A
8-20     complying candidate or a specific-purpose committee for supporting
8-21     a complying candidate is not required to comply with the limits on
8-22     political contributions and political expenditures prescribed by
8-23     this subchapter if another person becomes a candidate for the same
8-24     office and:
8-25                 (1)  files a declaration of intent to exceed the limits
8-26     on political expenditures under Section 253.213(a)(2);
8-27                 (2)  fails to file a declaration of compliance under
 9-1     Section 253.213(a)(1) or a declaration of intent under Section
 9-2     253.213(a)(2); or
 9-3                 (3)  files a declaration of compliance under Section
 9-4     253.213(a)(1) but later exceeds the limits on political
 9-5     expenditures.
 9-6           (b)  The executive director of the commission shall issue an
 9-7     order suspending the limits on political contributions and
 9-8     political expenditures for a specific office not later than the
 9-9     fifth day after the date the executive director determines that:
9-10                 (1)  a person has become a candidate for that office
9-11     and:
9-12                       (A)  has filed a declaration of intent to exceed
9-13     the limits on political expenditures under Section 253.213(a)(2);
9-14     or
9-15                       (B)  has failed to file a declaration of
9-16     compliance under Section 253.213(a)(1) or a declaration of intent
9-17     under Section 253.213(a)(2); or
9-18                 (2)  a complying candidate for that office has exceeded
9-19     the limit on political expenditures prescribed by this subchapter.
9-20           Sec. 253.215.  BENEFIT TO COMPLYING CANDIDATE.  (a)  A
9-21     complying candidate is entitled to state on political advertising
9-22     as provided by Section 255.009 that the candidate complies with the
9-23     voluntary limits on political expenditures prescribed by this
9-24     subchapter, regardless of whether the limits on political
9-25     contributions and political expenditures are suspended under
9-26     Section 253.214.
9-27           (b)  A noncomplying candidate is not entitled to the benefit
 10-1    provided by this section.
 10-2          Sec. 253.216.  EXPENDITURE LIMITS.  (a)  A complying
 10-3    candidate may not knowingly make or authorize political
 10-4    expenditures that, with respect to an election cycle in which the
 10-5    candidate is involved, in the aggregate exceed:
 10-6                (1)  for the office of governor, $10 million;
 10-7                (2)  for a statewide office other than governor, $2
 10-8    million;
 10-9                (3)  for the office of state senator, $350,000; or
10-10                (4)  for the office of state representative or member,
10-11    State Board of Education, $100,000.
10-12          (b)  A person who violates this section commits an offense.
10-13    An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.
10-14          Sec. 253.217.  EXPENDITURE BY CERTAIN COMMITTEES CONSIDERED
10-15    EXPENDITURE BY CANDIDATE.  (a)  For purposes of Section 253.216, a
10-16    political expenditure by a specific-purpose committee for the
10-17    purpose of supporting a candidate, opposing the candidate's
10-18    opponent, or assisting the candidate as an officeholder is
10-19    considered to be a political expenditure by the candidate unless
10-20    the candidate, in an affidavit filed with the commission, states
10-21    that the expenditure is not made with the cooperation or prior
10-22    consent of, in consultation with, or at the suggestion of:
10-23                (1)  the candidate;
10-24                (2)  a specific-purpose committee for supporting the
10-25    candidate or opposing the candidate's opponent; or
10-26                (3)  a person acting with the candidate's knowledge and
10-27    consent.
 11-1          (b)  This section applies only to a political expenditure of
 11-2    which the candidate or officeholder has notice.
 11-3          (c)  A candidate or officeholder shall file an affidavit
 11-4    under this section with the next report the candidate or
 11-5    officeholder is required to file under Chapter 254 following notice
 11-6    of the political expenditure.
 11-7          Sec. 253.218.  PARTY CONTRIBUTION TO OR DIRECT EXPENDITURE ON
 11-8    BEHALF OF COMPLYING CANDIDATE PROHIBITED.  (a)  A general-purpose
 11-9    committee established by a political party or by the state or
11-10    county executive committee of a political party may not knowingly
11-11    authorize or make:
11-12                (1)  a political contribution to a complying candidate
11-13    or a specific-purpose committee for supporting a complying
11-14    candidate or opposing a complying candidate; or
11-15                (2)  a direct campaign expenditure that benefits a
11-16    complying candidate.
11-17          (b)  Subsection (a)(2) does not apply to a political
11-18    expenditure for:
11-19                (1)  a generic get-out-the-vote campaign; or
11-20                (2)  a written list of two or more candidates that:
11-21                      (A)  identifies the party's candidates by name
11-22    and office sought, office held, or photograph; and
11-23                      (B)  is not broadcast, cablecast, published in a
11-24    newspaper or magazine, or placed on a billboard.
11-25          (c)  A person who violates this section commits an offense.
11-26    An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.
11-27          SECTION 2.  Section 254.034, Election Code, is amended by
 12-1    adding Subsection (f) to read as follows:
 12-2          (f)  This section applies to a political contribution covered
 12-3    by Subchapter G, Chapter 253, except as provided by Section
 12-4    253.212.
 12-5          SECTION 3.  Subchapter C, Chapter 254, Election Code, is
 12-6    amended by adding Section 254.0612 to read as follows:
 12-7          Sec. 254.0612.  ADDITIONAL CONTENTS OF REPORTS BY EXECUTIVE
 12-8    AND LEGISLATIVE CANDIDATES.  In addition to the contents required
 12-9    by Sections 254.031 and 254.061, each report by a candidate for an
12-10    office covered by Subchapter G, Chapter 253, must include:
12-11                (1)  for each political contribution of which the
12-12    candidate receives notice under Section 253.210:
12-13                      (A)  the full name and address of the
12-14    specific-purpose committee receiving the contribution;
12-15                      (B)  the full name and address of the committee's
12-16    campaign treasurer;
12-17                      (C)  the full name and address of the person
12-18    making the contribution;
12-19                      (D)  the date the contribution is received;
12-20                      (E)  the amount of the contribution; and
12-21                      (F)  an indication of whether the committee
12-22    accepted or refused the contribution; and
12-23                (2)  for each direct campaign expenditure of which the
12-24    candidate receives notice under Section 253.211:
12-25                      (A)  the full name and address of the person
12-26    making the expenditure;
12-27                      (B)  the full name and address of the person's
 13-1    campaign treasurer, if any;
 13-2                      (C)  the date the expenditure is made; and
 13-3                      (D)  the amount of the expenditure.
 13-4          SECTION 4.  Subchapter D, Chapter 254, Election Code, is
 13-5    amended by adding Section 254.0912 to read as follows:
 13-6          Sec. 254.0912.  ADDITIONAL CONTENTS OF REPORTS BY EXECUTIVE
 13-7    AND LEGISLATIVE OFFICEHOLDERS.  In addition to the contents
 13-8    required by Sections 254.031 and 254.091, each report by an
 13-9    officeholder covered by Subchapter G, Chapter 253, must include,
13-10    for each political contribution of which the officeholder receives
13-11    notice under Section 253.210:
13-12                (1)  the full name and address of the specific-purpose
13-13    committee receiving the contribution;
13-14                (2)  the full name and address of the committee's
13-15    campaign treasurer;
13-16                (3)  the full name and address of the person making the
13-17    contribution;
13-18                (4)  the date the contribution is received;
13-19                (5)  the amount of the contribution; and
13-20                (6)  an indication of whether the committee accepted or
13-21    refused the contribution.
13-22          SECTION 5.  Subchapter E, Chapter 254, Election Code, is
13-23    amended by adding Section 254.1212 to read as follows:
13-24          Sec. 254.1212.  ADDITIONAL CONTENTS OF REPORTS OF COMMITTEES
13-25    SUPPORTING, OPPOSING, OR ASSISTING EXECUTIVE OR LEGISLATIVE
13-26    CANDIDATES AND OFFICEHOLDERS.  In addition to the contents required
13-27    by Sections 254.031 and 254.121, each report by a specific-purpose
 14-1    committee for supporting or opposing a candidate for or assisting a
 14-2    holder of an office covered by Subchapter G, Chapter 253, must
 14-3    include, for each political contribution of which the committee
 14-4    receives notice under Section 253.210:
 14-5                (1)  the full name and address of the candidate or
 14-6    officeholder receiving the contribution;
 14-7                (2)  the full name and address of the candidate's or
 14-8    officeholder's campaign treasurer, if any;
 14-9                (3)  the full name and address of the person making the
14-10    contribution;
14-11                (4)  the date the contribution is received;
14-12                (5)  the amount of the contribution; and
14-13                (6)  an indication of whether the candidate or
14-14    officeholder accepted or refused the contribution.
14-15          SECTION 6.  Chapter 255, Election Code, is amended by adding
14-16    Sections 255.009 and 255.010 to read as follows:
14-17          Sec. 255.009.  DISCLOSURE ON POLITICAL ADVERTISING FOR
14-18    EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE OFFICES.  (a)  This section applies  only
14-19    to a candidate or specific-purpose committee covered by Subchapter
14-20    G, Chapter 253.
14-21          (b)  Political advertising by a complying candidate as
14-22    defined by Section 253.202 or a specific-purpose committee for
14-23    supporting such a candidate may include the following statement:
14-24    "Political advertising paid for by (name of candidate or committee)
14-25    in compliance with the voluntary expenditure limits of the Texas
14-26    Election Code."
14-27          (c)  Political advertising by a complying candidate or a
 15-1    specific-purpose committee for supporting such a candidate that
 15-2    does not contain the statement prescribed by Subsection (b) must
 15-3    comply with Section 255.001.
 15-4          (d)  Political advertising by a noncomplying candidate as
 15-5    defined by Section 253.202 or a specific-purpose committee for
 15-6    supporting such a candidate must include the following statement:
 15-7    "Political advertising paid for by (name of candidate or
 15-8    committee), (who or which) has rejected the voluntary expenditure
 15-9    limits of the Texas Election Code."
15-10          (e)  The commission shall adopt rules providing for:
15-11                (1)  the minimum size of the disclosure required by
15-12    this section in political advertising that appears on television or
15-13    in writing; and
15-14                (2)  the minimum duration of the disclosure required by
15-15    this section in political advertising that appears on television or
15-16    radio.
15-17          (f)  A person who violates this section or a rule adopted
15-18    under this section commits an offense.  An offense under this
15-19    section is a Class A misdemeanor.
15-20          Sec. 255.010.  RESTRICTIONS ON CERTAIN TELEPHONE AND
15-21    ELECTRONIC POLLING.  (a)  Not later than the fifth day before the
15-22    date a person conducts a telephone or electronic poll in connection
15-23    with a campaign for an office covered by Subchapter G, Chapter 253,
15-24    the person shall file with the commission the script that will be
15-25    used in conducting the poll.  The commission may not take any
15-26    action in connection with a script filed under this subsection
15-27    other than making the script available to the public on request.
 16-1          (b)  At the beginning of a telephone conversation or
 16-2    electronic communication with a polling subject, the pollster
 16-3    shall:
 16-4                (1)  state the pollster's full name;
 16-5                (2)  identify the person conducting the poll and, if
 16-6    that person is not a candidate or political committee, identify the
 16-7    candidate or political committee on whose behalf the person is
 16-8    conducting the poll;
 16-9                (3)  state the location from which the person is
16-10    calling or otherwise communicating; and
16-11                (4)  state the telephone number of the location from
16-12    which the person is calling or otherwise communicating.
16-13          (c)  In conducting the poll, a pollster may not ask a
16-14    question or make a statement that is not included in the script
16-15    filed under Subsection (a), except in response to a question from
16-16    the polling subject.
16-17          (d)  This section applies only to a telephone or electronic
16-18    poll conducted by a person, including a news organization, that is:
16-19                (1)  affiliated or aligned with a candidate, political
16-20    committee, political party, or campaign consultant; or
16-21                (2)  compensated by a candidate, political committee,
16-22    political party, or campaign consultant for conducting the poll.
16-23          (e)  A person who violates this section commits an offense.
16-24    An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor.
16-25          (f)  In this section, "pollster" means the person who places
16-26    a telephone call or electronic communication and asks questions of
16-27    a polling subject.
 17-1          SECTION 7.  (a)  Subchapter G, Chapter 253, Election Code, as
 17-2    added by this Act, applies only to a political contribution
 17-3    accepted or a political expenditure made on or after September 1,
 17-4    1997.  A political contribution accepted or a political expenditure
 17-5    made before that date is governed by the law in effect at the time
 17-6    the contribution was accepted or the expenditure was made and is
 17-7    not aggregated with political contributions accepted or political
 17-8    expenditures made on or after that date.
 17-9          (b)  Sections 254.0612, 254.0912, and 254.1212, Election
17-10    Code, as added by this Act, apply only to the reporting of a
17-11    political contribution accepted on or after September 1, 1997.  The
17-12    reporting of a political contribution accepted before that date is
17-13    governed by the law in effect at the time the contribution was
17-14    accepted, and that law is continued in effect for that purpose.
17-15          SECTION 8.  This Act takes effect September 1, 1997.
17-16          SECTION 9.  The importance of this legislation and the
17-17    crowded condition of the calendars in both houses create an
17-18    emergency and an imperative public necessity that the
17-19    constitutional rule requiring bills to be read on three several
17-20    days in each house be suspended, and this rule is hereby suspended.