By Chavez H.R. No. 1204 Line and page numbers may not match official copy. Bill not drafted by TLC or Senate E&E. R E S O L U T I O N 1-1 WHEREAS, El Paso is truly the International Gateway City of 1-2 the Americas, for it stands at the crossroads of two mighty 1-3 nations, and the historic pass where it is situated has seen a 1-4 cavalcade of many different cultures and ethnic groups; and 1-5 WHEREAS, The area of El Paso has supported human habitation 1-6 for millennia, and the vibrant spirit of the indigenous peoples who 1-7 once blazed trails throughout the Southwest can still be felt in 1-8 the pictographs at Hueco Tanks State Park in eastern El Paso; and 1-9 WHEREAS, In 1598 Juan de Onate led a party of colonists 1-10 northward to settle New Mexico; pausing at El Paso del Norte, the 1-11 Pass of the North, he performed the elaborate ceremony of La Toma, 1-12 taking possession of the area drained by the Rio Grande for the 1-13 king of Spain; Onate and his group celebrated the occasion with a 1-14 mass and a great feast, arguably the first Thanksgiving to be held 1-15 in North America; and 1-16 WHEREAS, Shown by friendly Manso Indians where to ford the 1-17 Rio Grande, Onate and his group continued northward and launched 1-18 the Spanish occupation of New Mexico; when the Pueblo Indians there 1-19 rebelled in 1680, the Spaniards and their Indian allies retreated 1-20 to the pass and over the next few years established five 1-21 settlements on the south bank of the river; and 1-22 WHEREAS, One of these was at first called El Paso del Norte, 1-23 like the pass itself, and is now known as Ciudad Juarez; Ysleta, 2-1 another of the settlements, later became United States territory 2-2 when the Rio Grande shifted farther south; now part of El Paso, the 2-3 community is still home to Tigua Indians, descendants of Ysleta's 2-4 founders; and 2-5 WHEREAS, Sovereignty over the area north of the Rio Grande 2-6 changed several times as the 19th century advanced; the region fell 2-7 under Mexican dominion in 1821, and in 1836 the Republic of Texas 2-8 laid claim to the territory by asserting the Rio Grande as its 2-9 southern boundary; although Mexico rejected this contention, the 2-10 United States endorsed it when Texas joined the Union in 1845, and 2-11 the Rio Grande became the accepted boundary in the Treaty of 2-12 Guadalupe Hidalgo, which concluded the Mexican War of 1846-1848; 2-13 and 2-14 WHEREAS, Difficulties did not end there, however, because the 2-15 river continually shifted its course; finally in 1963, the United 2-16 States and Mexico ratified a treaty that established the boundary 2-17 definitively; moreover, the two governments agreed to erect walls 2-18 to keep the river in the approved channel; and 2-19 WHEREAS, After Mexico won its independence in 1821 and 2-20 extended a welcome to foreign commerce, the volume of trade flowing 2-21 through the pass increased, with caravans traveling back and forth 2-22 from Mexico City to Santa Fe and on to Missouri; in the mid-1800s, 2-23 adventurers on their way to the California gold fields also swelled 2-24 the traffic at the pass; another stimulus for growth was provided 2-25 when President Ignacio Comonfort of Mexico repudiated the 2-26 Constitution of 1857 and Chihuahua declared a Zona Libre, or free 3-1 zone, along its border with Texas; and 3-2 WHEREAS, In 1852 a post office called El Paso was established 3-3 on the American side of the river at a settlement known as 3-4 Franklin, and in 1859 Franklin was platted and renamed El Paso; 3-5 since its inception, El Paso has benefited from its fortuitous 3-6 location on a major trade route, from abundant natural resources 3-7 and proximity to the mines of Mexico and the southwestern United 3-8 States, from the establishment of Fort Bliss, and from the arrival 3-9 of the railroad; and 3-10 WHEREAS, Founded in 1854, Fort Bliss was garrisoned for a 3-11 time by Buffalo Soldiers; the impact of this vast installation on 3-12 the city has been enormous, especially since World War II, both in 3-13 terms of added population and economic contribution; and 3-14 WHEREAS, In 1883, two years after the Southern Pacific 3-15 Railroad built into El Paso, the town became the county seat; after 3-16 the completion of the line in 1883, some of the railroad's 2,600 3-17 Chinese workers made their home in El Paso, and by the turn of the 3-18 20th century the Chinese formed a distinct enclave; and 3-19 WHEREAS, El Paso and Ciudad Juarez constitute the largest 3-20 binational urban area along the United States-Mexico border, and 3-21 the two cities have formed a strong, mutually beneficial 3-22 relationship; today their area is poised for even greater growth 3-23 with the advent of the North American Free Trade Agreement; and 3-24 WHEREAS, In the past year alone, United States Customs in El 3-25 Paso cleared more than 6,000 aircraft and 17 million vehicles; 3-26 every day, 35 trains leave the Union Pacific Station, and the 4-1 number is expected to grow to more than 70 per day, while arriving 4-2 and departing commercial airplanes presently account for a total of 4-3 9,200 passenger seats; El Paso's new 144,000-square-foot Air Cargo 4-4 complex allows it to handle more cargo than either Albuquerque or 4-5 Austin; and 4-6 WHEREAS, Located in the legendary Paso del Norte, an ancient 4-7 corridor for the peoples of two continents, El Paso is a city with 4-8 a proud and rich heritage, a friendly and industrious populace, a 4-9 thriving economy, and enormous potential for growth; now, 4-10 therefore, be it 4-11 RESOLVED, That the 77th Legislature of the State of Texas 4-12 hereby designate El Paso as the International Gateway City of the 4-13 Americas and extend to all its residents sincere best wishes as 4-14 they continue to build on their storied past.