82R5796 KEL-D

By: Coleman H.B. No. 2159

A BILL TO BE ENTITLED

AN ACT

relating to the insanity defense in a criminal case.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:

SECTION 1. Section 8.01(a), Penal Code, is amended to read as follows:

(a) It is an affirmative defense to prosecution that, at the time of the commission of the acts constituting the offense, the defendant, as a result of a severe mental disease or defect, was unable to appreciate the nature and quality or the wrongfulness of his or her acts [conduct charged, the actor, as a result of severe mental disease or defect, did not know that his conduct was wrong].

SECTION 2. Chapter 46C, Code of Criminal Procedure, is amended by adding Subchapter G to read as follows:

SUBCHAPTER G. PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO PERSONS ACQUITTED BY REASON

OF INSANITY UNDER THIS CHAPTER OR PRIOR LAW

Art. 46C.301. APPLICABILITY OF SUBCHAPTER. This subchapter applies to a person acquitted by reason of insanity under this chapter or under former Article 46.03, as that article existed before September 1, 2005.

SECTION 3. Articles 46C.002, 46C.268, and 46C.269, Code of Criminal Procedure, are transferred to Subchapter G, Chapter 46C, Code of Criminal Procedure, as added by this Act, redesignated as Articles 46C.302, 46C.303, and 46C.304, Code of Criminal Procedure, respectively, and amended to read as follows:

Art. 46C.302 [46C.002]. MAXIMUM PERIOD OF COMMITMENT DETERMINED BY MAXIMUM TERM FOR OFFENSE. (a) A person acquitted by reason of insanity may not be committed to a mental hospital or other inpatient or residential care facility or ordered to receive outpatient or community-based treatment and supervision under Subchapter F or under former Article 46.03, as applicable, for a cumulative period that exceeds the maximum term provided by law for the offense for which the acquitted person was tried.

(b) On expiration of that maximum term, the acquitted person may be further confined in a mental hospital or other inpatient or residential care facility or ordered to receive outpatient or community-based treatment and supervision only under civil commitment proceedings.

Art. 46C.303 [46C.268]. ADVANCE DISCHARGE OF ACQUITTED PERSON AND TERMINATION OF JURISDICTION. (a) A [An acquitted] person acquitted by reason of insanity, the head of the facility to which the acquitted person is committed, the person responsible for providing the outpatient or community-based treatment and supervision, or the state may request that the court discharge an acquitted person from inpatient commitment or outpatient or community-based treatment and supervision.

(b) Not later than the 14th day after the date of the request, the court shall hold a hearing on a request made by the head of the facility to which the acquitted person is committed or the person responsible for providing the outpatient or community-based treatment and supervision.

(c) If a request is made by an acquitted person, the court must act on the request not later than the 14th day after the date of the request. A hearing under this subsection is at the discretion of the court, except that the court shall hold a hearing if the request and any accompanying material indicate that modification of the order may be appropriate.

(d) If a request is made by an acquitted person not later than the 90th day after the date of a hearing on a previous request, the court is not required to act on the request except on the expiration of the order or on the expiration of the 90-day period following the date of the hearing on the previous request.

(e) The court shall rule on the request during or shortly after any hearing that is held and in any case not later than the 14th day after the date of the request.

(f) The court shall discharge the acquitted person from all court-ordered commitment and treatment and supervision and terminate the court's jurisdiction over the person if the court finds that the acquitted person has established by a preponderance of the evidence that:

(1) the acquitted person does not have a severe mental illness or mental retardation; or

(2) the acquitted person is not likely to cause serious harm to another because of any severe mental illness or mental retardation.

Art. 46C.304 [46C.269]. TERMINATION OF COURT'S JURISDICTION. (a) The jurisdiction of the court over a person acquitted by reason of insanity [covered by this subchapter] automatically terminates on the date when the cumulative total period of institutionalization and outpatient or community-based treatment and supervision imposed under Subchapter F or under former Article 46.03, as applicable, [this subchapter] equals the maximum term of imprisonment provided by law for the offense of which the person was acquitted [by reason of insanity].

(b) On the termination of the court's jurisdiction under this article, the acquitted person must be discharged from any inpatient treatment or residential care or outpatient or community-based treatment and supervision ordered under Subchapter F or under former Article 46.03, as applicable [this subchapter].

(c) The [An] inpatient or residential care facility to which the acquitted [a] person has been committed [under this subchapter] or the [a] person responsible for administering a regimen of outpatient or community-based treatment and supervision [under this subchapter] must notify the court not later than the 30th day before the court's jurisdiction over the acquitted person ends under this article.

(d) This article [subchapter] does not affect whether a person may be ordered to receive care or treatment under Subtitle C or D, Title 7, Health and Safety Code.

SECTION 4. Article 46C.154, Code of Criminal Procedure, is amended to read as follows:

Art. 46C.154. INFORMING JURY REGARDING CONSEQUENCES OF ACQUITTAL. The court shall provide instruction to the jury to inform the jury of [, the attorney representing the state, or the attorney for the defendant may not inform a juror or a prospective juror of] the consequences to the defendant if a verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity is returned, in substantially the form as follows:

"Under the law applicable in this case, if you find the defendant not guilty by reason of insanity, you will be discharged and the court will determine the disposition of the defendant.

"If the court finds that the offense of which the defendant was acquitted involved conduct that caused serious bodily injury to another person, placed another person in imminent danger of serious bodily injury, or consisted of a threat of serious bodily injury to another person through the use of a deadly weapon, the court must commit the defendant to a maximum-security inpatient facility for a mental health evaluation for a period not to exceed 30 days. Based upon that evaluation, the defendant may receive continuing mental health supervision or treatment for a period not to exceed the maximum term of confinement for the offense of which the person was acquitted, to be reviewed at least annually by the court, or upon request of the defendant, the state, the head of a facility to which the defendant is committed, or the person responsible for providing outpatient or community-based treatment and supervision. If the defendant has not been discharged by the court from mental health supervision or treatment before the expiration of that maximum term, upon the expiration of that maximum term the defendant must be discharged from the criminal jurisdiction of this court. The defendant may be further confined or treated after that time only under civil commitment proceedings outside the criminal jurisdiction of this court.

"If the court finds that the offense of which the defendant was acquitted did not involve the dangerous conduct specified above, then the court must determine whether the defendant is a person with mental illness or mental retardation. If the court finds that the defendant is a person with mental illness or mental retardation, then the court must transfer the defendant for civil mental health commitment proceedings outside the criminal jurisdiction of this court. If the court does not find the defendant to be a person with mental illness or mental retardation, then the defendant must be discharged.

"It cannot accurately be predicted how the criminal and civil commitment laws might be applied if the defendant is found not guilty by reason of insanity because the application of these laws will depend upon decisions made by the courts and mental health authorities regarding the defendant's mental health needs. Therefore, you may consider the existence of the criminal and civil commitment laws described herein, but you are not to consider the extent to which those laws may be applied to this defendant in reaching your verdict."

SECTION 5. Article 46C.158, Code of Criminal Procedure, is amended to read as follows:

Art. 46C.158. CONTINUING JURISDICTION OF DANGEROUS ACQUITTED PERSON. If the court finds that the offense of which the person was acquitted involved conduct that caused serious bodily injury to another person, placed another person in imminent danger of serious bodily injury, or consisted of a threat of serious bodily injury to another person through the use of a deadly weapon, the court retains jurisdiction over the acquitted person until either:

(1) the court discharges the person and terminates its jurisdiction under Article 46C.303 [46C.268]; or

(2) the cumulative total period of institutionalization and outpatient or community-based treatment and supervision under the court's jurisdiction equals the maximum term provided by law for the offense of which the person was acquitted by reason of insanity and the court's jurisdiction is automatically terminated under Article 46C.304 [46C.269].

SECTION 6. Article 46C.255(a), Code of Criminal Procedure, is amended to read as follows:

(a) The following proceedings under this chapter must be before the court, and the underlying matter determined by the court, unless the acquitted person or the state requests a jury trial or the court on its own motion sets the matter for jury trial:

(1) a hearing under Article 46C.253;

(2) a proceeding for renewal of an order under Article 46C.261;

(3) a proceeding on a request for modification or revocation of an order under Article 46C.266; and

(4) a proceeding seeking discharge of an acquitted person under Article 46C.303 [46C.268].

SECTION 7. Article 46C.259, Code of Criminal Procedure, is amended to read as follows:

Art. 46C.259. STATUS OF COMMITTED PERSON. If an acquitted person is committed under this subchapter, the person's status as a patient or resident is governed by Subtitle C or D, Title 7, Health and Safety Code, except that:

(1) transfer to a nonsecure unit is governed by Article 46C.260;

(2) modification of the order to direct outpatient or community-based treatment and supervision is governed by Article 46C.262; and

(3) discharge is governed by Article 46C.303 [46C.268].

SECTION 8. Article 46C.270(b), Code of Criminal Procedure, is amended to read as follows:

(b) Either the acquitted person or the state may appeal from:

(1) an Order of Commitment to Inpatient Treatment or Residential Care entered under Article 46C.256;

(2) an Order to Receive Outpatient or Community-Based Treatment and Supervision entered under Article 46C.257 or 46C.262;

(3) an order renewing or refusing to renew an Order for Inpatient Commitment or Outpatient or Community-Based Treatment and Supervision entered under Article 46C.261;

(4) an order modifying or revoking an Order for Outpatient or Community-Based Treatment and Supervision entered under Article 46C.266 or refusing a request to modify or revoke that order; or

(5) an order discharging an acquitted person under Article 46C.303 [46C.268] or denying a request for discharge of an acquitted person.

SECTION 9. (a) Except as provided by Subsection (b) of this section, the change in law made by this Act applies to a defendant acquitted of an offense committed before, on, or after the effective date of this Act.

(b) The change in law made by this Act in amending Section 8.01(a), Penal Code, and Article 46C.154, Code of Criminal Procedure, applies only to a defendant acquitted of an offense committed on or after the effective date of this Act. A defendant acquitted of an offense committed before the effective date of this Act is covered by the law in effect when the offense was committed, and the former law is continued in effect for that purpose. For purposes of this subsection, an offense was committed before the effective date of this Act if any element of the offense occurred before that date.

SECTION 10. This Act takes effect September 1, 2011.