86R179 LHC-D

By: Minjarez H.B. No. 152

A BILL TO BE ENTITLED

AN ACT

relating to the collection, storage, and analysis of sexual assault evidence and evidence of other sex offenses.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:

SECTION 1. Sections 420.003(1-a), (1-d), (7), and (8), Government Code, are amended to read as follows:

(1-a) "Active criminal case" means a case:

(A) in which:

(i) a sexual assault or other sex offense has been reported to a law enforcement agency; and

(ii) physical evidence of the offense [assault] has been submitted to the agency or an accredited crime laboratory under this chapter for analysis; and

(B) for which:

(i) the statute of limitations has not run with respect to the prosecution of the offense [sexual assault]; or

(ii) a DNA profile was obtained that is eligible under Section 420.043 for comparison with DNA profiles in the state database or CODIS DNA database.

(1-d) "Law enforcement agency" means a state or local law enforcement agency in this state with jurisdiction over the investigation of a sexual assault or other sex offense.

(7) "Sexual assault program" means any local public or private nonprofit corporation, independent of a law enforcement agency or prosecutor's office, that is operated as an independent program or as part of a municipal, county, or state agency and that provides the minimum services to adult survivors of stranger and non-stranger sex offenses [sexual assault].

(8) "Survivor" means an individual who is a victim of a sexual assault or other sex offense, regardless of whether a report or conviction is made in the incident.

SECTION 2. Section 420.033, Government Code, is amended to read as follows:

Sec. 420.033. CHAIN OF CUSTODY. Medical, law enforcement, department, and laboratory personnel who handle [sexual assault] evidence of a sexual assault or other sex offense under this chapter or other law shall maintain the chain of custody of the evidence from the time the evidence is collected until the time the evidence is destroyed.

SECTION 3. Section 420.034(c), Government Code, is amended to read as follows:

(c) The tracking system must:

(1) track the location and status of each item of evidence through the criminal justice process, including the initial collection of the item of evidence in a forensic medical examination, assignment of a unique number to the item of evidence, receipt and storage of the item of evidence at a law enforcement agency, receipt and analysis of the item of evidence at an accredited crime laboratory, and storage and destruction of the item of evidence after the item is analyzed;

(2) allow a facility or entity performing a forensic medical examination of a survivor, law enforcement agency, accredited crime laboratory, prosecutor, or other entity providing a chain of custody for an item of evidence to update and track the status and location of the item; and

(3) allow a survivor to anonymously track or receive updates regarding the status and location of each item of evidence collected in relation to the offense.

SECTION 4. Subchapter B, Chapter 420, Government Code, is amended by adding Section 420.035 to read as follows:

Sec. 420.035. EVIDENCE RELEASE AND STORAGE. (a) If a health care facility or other entity that performs a medical examination to collect evidence of a sexual assault or other sex offense receives signed, written consent to release the evidence as provided by Section 420.0735, the facility or entity shall notify either the law enforcement agency investigating the alleged offense, if known, or the local law enforcement agency not later than 24 hours after receiving consent.

(b) A law enforcement agency that receives notice from a health care facility or other entity under Subsection (a) shall take possession of the evidence not later than the 14th day after the date the law enforcement agency receives notice.

(c) If a law enforcement agency that takes possession of evidence under Subsection (b) determines that the agency does not have jurisdiction over the investigation of the alleged sexual assault or other sex offense, the law enforcement agency shall notify the law enforcement agency with jurisdiction over the investigation not later than the 14th day after the date that determination is made.

(d) A law enforcement agency that receives notice from another law enforcement agency under Subsection (c) shall take possession of the evidence not later than the 14th day after the date the law enforcement agency receives notice.

(e) A health care facility or other entity that performs a medical examination to collect evidence of a sexual assault or other sex offense that has not obtained signed, written consent as provided by Section 420.0735 shall provide the survivor with information relating to:

(1) the facility's or entity's policy regarding storage of evidence of a sexual assault or other sex offense, including a statement of the period for which the evidence will be stored before the evidence is destroyed; and

(2) the ways in which the survivor can request the release of the evidence to a law enforcement agency.

(f) A health care facility or other entity that performs a medical examination to collect evidence as described by this section must store until at least the first anniversary of the date of collection any evidence that is not released to a law enforcement agency.

(g) The failure of a health care facility or other entity or a law enforcement agency to comply with the requirements of this section does not constitute grounds in a criminal proceeding for:

(1) a defendant to challenge the validity of a DNA match obtained by comparison under Section 420.043; or

(2) a court to exclude evidence based on a DNA profile.

(h) A person accused or convicted of committing a sexual assault or other sex offense against the survivor does not have standing to object to the failure of a health care facility or other entity or a law enforcement agency to comply with the requirements of this section. Failure of a facility, entity, or agency to comply with the requirements of this section does not constitute grounds for setting aside the conviction of a person convicted of committing a sexual assault or other sex offense against the survivor.

SECTION 5. Subchapter B-1, Chapter 420, Government Code, is amended to read as follows:

SUBCHAPTER B-1. ANALYSIS OF [SEXUAL ASSAULT] EVIDENCE OF SEXUAL

ASSAULT OR OTHER SEX OFFENSE

Sec. 420.041. APPLICABILITY OF SUBCHAPTER. This subchapter applies only to physical evidence of a sexual assault or other sex offense that is collected with respect to an active criminal case.

Sec. 420.042. ANALYSIS OF [SEXUAL ASSAULT] EVIDENCE. (a) A law enforcement agency that receives [sexual assault] evidence of a sexual assault or other sex offense that is collected under this chapter or other law shall submit that evidence to a public accredited crime laboratory for analysis not later than the 14th [30th] day after the date on which that evidence was received.

(b) A person who submits [sexual assault] evidence of a sexual assault or other sex offense to a public accredited crime laboratory under this chapter or other law shall provide the following signed, written certification with each submission: "This evidence is being submitted by (name of person making submission) in connection with a criminal investigation."

(c) If sufficient personnel and resources are available, a public accredited crime laboratory, as soon as practicable but not later than the 60th day after the date on which the laboratory received the evidence, shall complete its analysis of any [sexual assault] evidence of a sexual assault or other sex offense that is submitted under this chapter or other law.

(d) To ensure the expeditious completion of analyses, the department and other applicable public accredited crime laboratories may contract with private accredited crime laboratories as appropriate to perform those analyses, subject to the necessary quality assurance reviews by the public accredited crime laboratories.

(e) The failure of a law enforcement agency to take possession of evidence of a sexual assault or other sex offense within the period required by Section 420.035 or to submit that [sexual assault] evidence within the period required by this section does not affect the authority of:

(1) the agency to take possession of the evidence;

(2) the agency to submit the evidence to an accredited crime laboratory for analysis; [or]

(3) [(2)] an accredited crime laboratory to analyze the evidence or provide the results of that analysis to appropriate persons; or

(4) the department to compare the DNA profile obtained from the biological evidence with DNA profiles in a database under Section 420.043.

(f) The failure of a law enforcement agency or public accredited crime laboratory to comply with the requirements of this section does not constitute grounds in a criminal proceeding for:

(1) a defendant to challenge the validity of a DNA match obtained by comparison under Section 420.043; or

(2) a court to exclude DNA evidence.

(g) A person accused or convicted of committing a sexual assault or other sex offense against the survivor does not have standing to object to the failure of a law enforcement agency or public accredited crime laboratory to comply with the requirements of this section. Failure of an agency or laboratory to comply with the requirements of this section does not constitute grounds for setting aside the conviction of a person convicted of committing a sexual assault or other sex offense against the survivor.

Sec. 420.043. DATABASE COMPARISON REQUIRED. After [On the request of any appropriate person and after] an evidence collection kit containing biological evidence has been analyzed by an accredited crime laboratory and any necessary quality assurance reviews have been performed, the department shall compare the DNA profile obtained from the biological evidence with DNA profiles maintained in:

(1) state databases, including the DNA database maintained under Subchapter G, Chapter 411, if the amount and quality of the analyzed sample meet the requirements of the state database comparison policies; and

(2) the CODIS DNA database established by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, if the amount and quality of the analyzed sample meet the requirements of the bureau's CODIS comparison policies.

SECTION 6. (a) Except as provided by Subsections (b) and (c) of this section, the changes in law made by this Act apply only to sexual assault evidence and evidence of other sex offenses collected on or after the effective date of this Act. Evidence collected before the effective date of this Act is governed by the law in effect on the date the evidence was collected, and the former law is continued in effect for that purpose.

(b) The change in law made by this Act to Section 420.042(a), Government Code, applies only to sexual assault evidence and evidence of other sex offenses received by a law enforcement agency not earlier than the 14th day before the effective date of this Act. Evidence received by a law enforcement agency earlier than the 14th day before the effective date of this Act is governed by the law in effect on the date the evidence was received, and the former law is continued in effect for that purpose.

(c) The change in law made by this Act to Section 420.042(c), Government Code, applies only to sexual assault evidence and evidence of other sex offenses received by a public accredited crime laboratory on or after the effective date of this Act. Evidence received by a public accredited crime laboratory before the effective date of this Act is governed by the law in effect on the date the evidence was received, and the former law is continued in effect for that purpose.

SECTION 7. This Act takes effect September 1, 2019.