By: Leo-Wilson H.B. No. 577

A BILL TO BE ENTITLED

AN ACT

relating to the repeal of or limitations on certain state and local taxes, including school district maintenance and operations ad valorem taxes, the enactment of state and local value added taxes, and related school finance reform; imposing taxes.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:

ARTICLE 1. STATE VALUE ADDED TAX

SECTION 1.01. DEFINITIONS. In this article:

(1) "Input tax" means the aggregate amount of all state and local value added taxes imposed under this Act that have accrued with respect to services and property supplied to a taxpayer during a calendar quarter and used or held for use by the taxpayer in the ordinary course of the taxpayer's trade or business.

(2) "Output tax" means the aggregate amount of all state and local value added taxes imposed under this Act that have accrued with respect to services and property supplied by a taxpayer during a calendar quarter in the ordinary course of the taxpayer's trade or business.

(3) "Taxpayer" means a person on whom the value added tax is imposed.

(4) "Value added tax" means the tax imposed under Section 1.02 of this article.

SECTION 1.02. VALUE ADDED TAX IMPOSED. A value added tax is imposed on each person in this state who supplies any service or property in the ordinary course of a trade or business in which the person engages for profit.

SECTION 1.03. RATE OF TAX. The rate of the value added tax is 6.72 percent of the taxpayer's taxable receipts from the supply of services or property.

SECTION 1.04. DETERMINATION OF TAX PAYABLE. The total amount of state and local value added taxes under this Act payable by a taxpayer for a calendar quarter is the amount, if any, by which the taxpayer's output tax exceeds the taxpayer's input tax.

SECTION 1.05. EXEMPTIONS. (a) The comptroller by rule shall exempt from the value added tax:

(1) small businesses;

(2) governmental entities; and

(3) religious, educational, and public service organizations.

(b) The comptroller shall refund the amount of any input tax that has been accrued by an entity exempt under Subsection (a) of this section.

SECTION 1.06. EXCLUSIONS. The comptroller by rule shall exclude the following services and property from the value added tax:

(1) monetary instruments, financial assets, and investments;

(2) intercompany services;

(3) employment services;

(4) incidental transactions;

(5) transfers of common interests in property;

(6) services and property taxed by other law, including Chapters 201 and 202, Tax Code; and

(7) services and property this state is prohibited from taxing by federal law or the Texas Constitution.

SECTION 1.07. RULES. The comptroller shall adopt all rules necessary to implement, administer, and enforce the state value added tax and all local value added taxes under this Act.

SECTION 1.08. DISPOSITION OF REVENUE. All proceeds from the collection of the value added tax shall be deposited to the credit of the general revenue fund.

SECTION 1.09. EFFECTIVE DATE OF ARTICLE. This article takes effect January 1, 2028.

ARTICLE 2. LOCAL VALUE ADDED TAXES

SECTION 2.01. LOCAL SALES AND USE TAXES PROHIBITED. Notwithstanding any other law, a political subdivision may not impose a sales or use tax on or after the effective date of this article.

SECTION 2.02. LOCAL VALUE ADDED TAXES. (a) A political subdivision that was authorized to impose a sales and use tax immediately before the effective date of this article may impose a local value added tax on and after the effective date of this article.

(b) A local value added tax is administered, collected, and enforced by the comptroller in the same manner as the state value added tax. The tax applies to the supply of services or property in the territory of the political subdivision.

(c) The comptroller shall allocate and remit to each appropriate taxing jurisdiction proceeds from the collection of local value added taxes by the comptroller.

SECTION 2.03. RATES OF LOCAL VALUE ADDED TAXES. (a) The combined rate of all local value added taxes may not exceed two percent at any location in the territory of a political subdivision.

(b) The maximum combined rate provided by Subsection (a) of this section does not apply to or include a school district enrichment value added tax under Article 3 of this Act.

(c) On the effective date of this article, a political subdivision may begin imposing the local value added tax at a rate not to exceed the rate at which the political subdivision imposed a sales and use tax immediately before the effective date of this article. Subject to Subsection (a) of this section, the governing body of a political subdivision that imposes a local value added tax may adopt an order or ordinance changing the rate of or repealing the tax imposed by the political subdivision.

SECTION 2.04. EFFECTIVE DATE OF ARTICLE. This article takes effect January 1, 2028.

ARTICLE 3. SCHOOL DISTRICT ENRICHMENT VALUE ADDED TAX

SECTION 3.01. TAX AUTHORIZED. (a) A school district may adopt or repeal a school district enrichment value added tax at an election in which a majority of the qualified voters of the school district approve the adoption or repeal of the tax.

(b) A school district enrichment value added tax is administered, collected, and enforced by the comptroller in the same manner as the state value added tax. The tax applies to the supply of services or property in the territory of the school district.

SECTION 3.02. MAXIMUM RATE. The rate of the school district enrichment value added tax may not exceed 0.5 percent.

SECTION 3.03. USE OF TAX REVENUE BY SCHOOL DISTRICT. (a) Revenue from the school district enrichment value added tax is for the use and benefit of the school district. The revenue must be used exclusively for school enrichment facilities and activities and for the payment of the principal of and interest on debt incurred to fund school enrichment facilities and activities.

(b) Revenue from the school district enrichment value added tax may not be used for an expenditure or investment that is:

(1) necessary to comply with the legislature's duty under Section 1, Article VII, Texas Constitution, to provide for the general diffusion of knowledge and an efficient system of public schools, including by providing funding for instructional facilities; and

(2) eligible for funding through the Foundation School Program.

SECTION 3.04. PLEDGE OF REVENUE. A school district may pledge a portion of the revenue from the school district enrichment value added tax for the payment of obligations issued to pay all or part of the cost of a school enrichment project in the school district.

SECTION 3.05. EFFECTIVE DATE OF ARTICLE. This article takes effect January 1, 2028, but only if Section 4.01 of this Act takes effect. If Section 4.01 of this Act does not take effect, this article has no effect.

ARTICLE 4. SCHOOL DISTRICT MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONS AD VALOREM

TAXES

SECTION 4.01. PROHIBITION ON IMPOSITION OF SCHOOL DISTRICT MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONS AD VALOREM TAXES. (a) Notwithstanding any other law, a school district may not impose an ad valorem tax for maintenance and operations purposes on or after January 1, 2028. To the extent of a conflict, this section controls over a conflicting provision in a general or special law.

(b) The change in law made by this section does not affect tax liability accruing before the effective date of this section.

(c) This section takes effect January 1, 2028, but only if on or before that date a constitutional amendment to prohibit a school district from imposing an ad valorem tax for maintenance and operations purposes is approved by the voters. If such a constitutional amendment is not approved by the voters on or before that date, this section has no effect.

SECTION 4.02. REPORT. (a) The comptroller shall prepare a report that recommends any change in constitutional or statutory law needed to implement this Act.

(b) Not later than December 1, 2024, the comptroller shall submit to the governor, lieutenant governor, speaker of the house of representatives, and members of the legislature the report required by Subsection (a) of this section.

(c) This section expires January 1, 2025.

SECTION 4.03. EFFECTIVE DATE OF ARTICLE. Except as otherwise provided by this article, this article takes effect September 1, 2023.

ARTICLE 5. SCHOOL FINANCE

SECTION 5.01. FOUNDATION SCHOOL PROGRAM FUNDING. (a) Beginning with the 2028-2029 school year, the legislature shall appropriate money to fund the Foundation School Program under Chapter 48, Education Code, in an amount, excluding money collected by a school district through the imposition of a tax, necessary to:

(1) comply with the legislature's duty under Section 1, Article VII, Texas Constitution, to provide for the general diffusion of knowledge and an efficient system of public schools;

(2) achieve the state policy under Section 48.001, Education Code, and the purposes of the Foundation School Program under Section 48.002, Education Code;

(3) provide the basic allotment under Section 48.051, Education Code, in an amount of at least $6,160 per student in average daily attendance; and

(4) provide a minimal level of revenue to provide school districts an opportunity to pursue locally funded enrichment programs.

(b) This section takes effect January 1, 2028, but only if Section 4.01 of this Act takes effect. If Section 4.01 of this Act does not take effect, this section has no effect.

SECTION 5.02. EFFECT OF PROHIBITION ON SCHOOL DISTRICT MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONS TAX. (a) Article 4 of this Act does not affect the authority of a school district to impose an enrichment value added tax at a rate not to exceed 0.5 percent in accordance with Article 3 of this Act for the purpose of providing additional revenue to enrich the educational opportunities of students enrolled in the district. The revenue attributable to the tax described by this subsection is in addition to any money the district receives from the state.

(b) A reference in the Education Code, the Tax Code, or any other law to a school district's authority to impose a maintenance tax or a maintenance and operations tax may not be construed in a manner inconsistent with Article 4 of this Act or this section.

(c) This section takes effect January 1, 2028, but only if Section 4.01 of this Act takes effect. If Section 4.01 of this Act does not take effect, this section has no effect.

SECTION 5.03. STATE ASSISTANCE FOR TRANSITION TO SCHOOL DISTRICT ENRICHMENT VALUE ADDED TAX. (a) For purposes of budgeting for and funding of maintenance and operations and enrichment, the commissioner of education shall assist school districts in transitioning from the use of maintenance and operations tax revenue to the use of state funding and enrichment value added tax revenue.

(b) Not later than March 1, 2028, each school district shall prepare and submit to the commissioner of education a transition report certified by the comptroller that provides for the following 10 state fiscal years estimates regarding:

(1) budgets;

(2) sources of funding; and

(3) operating and capital expenditures.

(c) In the transition report prepared under Subsection (b) of this section, a school district shall, in accordance with the policy and purposes described by Sections 48.001 and 48.002, Education Code, classify as "foundational" or "enrichment":

(1) each projected operating and capital expenditure and the proportion of each current and projected debt; and

(2) the proportional amounts of current and projected debts, based on the proposed uses for the revenue.

(d) Based on school districts' reports under Subsection (b) of this section, the commissioner of education shall prepare and present to the comptroller recommendations for refunding, redeeming, or amending outstanding bonds for which school districts pledged maintenance and operations tax revenue for payment.

(e) Notwithstanding any other law, the commissioner of education shall provide state funding for the payment of any bonds classified by a school district as a "foundational" bond under Subsection (c) of this section. A school district assumes full financial responsibility for any bond classified as an "enrichment" bond.

(f) The commissioner of education shall annually prepare and provide a report to the legislature and the comptroller regarding funding under the Foundation School Program and the transition by school districts to imposing a value added enrichment tax. The report must include recommendations for legislative action to facilitate the funding transitions required under this Act while maintaining and improving the efficiency, quality, and results of public education in this state.

(g) Subsection (e) of this section takes effect January 1, 2028, but only if Section 4.01 of this Act takes effect. If Section 4.01 of this Act does not take effect, Subsection (e) of this section has no effect.

SECTION 5.04. EFFECTIVE DATE OF ARTICLE. Except as otherwise provided by this article, this article takes effect September 1, 2023.

ARTICLE 6. REPEALED PROVISIONS

SECTION 6.01. TAX CODE. (a) The following provisions of the Tax Code are repealed:

(1) Chapter 142;

(2) Subtitles E, F, G, H, and J, Title 2; and

(3) Subtitle C, Title 3.

(b) The repeal of a provision by this section does not affect tax liability accruing before the effective date of this article. That liability continues in effect as if this article had not been enacted, and the former law is continued in effect for the collection of taxes due and for civil and criminal enforcement of the liability for those taxes.

SECTION 6.02. EDUCATION CODE. (a) The following provisions of the Education Code are repealed:

(1) Sections 45.0032, 48.255, 48.2551, 48.2552, 48.2553, 48.256, 48.257, and 48.275; and

(2) Chapter 49.

(b) This section takes effect only if Section 4.01 of this Act takes effect. If Section 4.01 of this Act does not take effect, this section has no effect.

SECTION 6.03. EFFECTIVE DATE OF ARTICLE. Except as otherwise provided by this article, this article takes effect January 1, 2028.