BILL ANALYSIS

Senate Research Center	C.S.H.B. 120
89R28368 KJE-F	By: Bell, Keith et al. (Schwertner)
	Education K-16
	5/13/2025
	Committee Report (Substituted)

AUTHOR'S / SPONSOR'S STATEMENT OF INTENT

The Texas economy has become increasingly dependent on skilled and knowledgeable workers. By 2030, more than 60 percent of jobs in Texas will require education or training beyond a high school diploma. However, fewer than 50 percent of Texans earn a postsecondary credential. To address this deficit and prepare students for high-wage, high-demand careers in a modern economy, Texas must make continued investments in career and technical education. In fact, Governor Abbott declared the expansion of career training programs as an emergency item for the 89th Legislature.

H.B. 120 seeks to further expand career training opportunities in high schools by building upon existing, successful programs related to career and technology education and establishing new initiatives. Specifically, H.B. 120 improves or further funds the new instructional facility allotment and career and technology education, Rural Pathway Excellence Partnership Program (R-PEP), and Pathways in Technology Early College High School (P-TECH) programs. H.B. 120 also establishes the high school advising program and military pathway grant program.

(Original Author's/Sponsor's Statement of Intent)

C.S.H.B. 120 amends current law relating to college, career, and military readiness in public schools, including career and technology education programs, the Financial Aid for Swift Transfer (FAST) program, and the Rural Pathway Excellence Partnership (R-PEP) program, funding for those programs under the Foundation School Program, and workforce reporting to support those programs, to the public school accountability system, and to the new instructional facility allotment and the permissible uses of funding under the Foundation School Program.

RULEMAKING AUTHORITY

Rulemaking authority is expressly granted to the commissioner of education in SECTION 3 (Section 11.186, Education Code) of this bill.

SECTION BY SECTION ANALYSIS

SECTION 1. Amends Section 4.002, Education Code, to provide that to serve as a foundation for a well-balanced and appropriate education, certain goals must be achieved, including that the students who graduate high school in the public education system will have the skills and credentials necessary to immediately enter this state's workforce and that the students who graduate high school in the public education system and who elect to pursue postsecondary education will be ready for postsecondary coursework without the need for remediation.

SECTION 2. Amends Subchapter B, Chapter 7, Education Code, by adding Sections 7.0405 and 7.043, as follows:

Sec. 7.0405. POSTING OF POSTSECONDARY OUTCOMES. (a) Requires the Texas Education Agency (TEA), subject to Subsection (b), to post on TEA's Internet website certain de-identified data, disaggregated by school district or open-enrollment charter school, high school campus, and annual cohort for the 10 most recent annual cohorts.

(b) Provides that TEA is required to post the data required under Subsection (a) in a manner that complies with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (20 U.S.C. Section 1232g) and is authorized, if necessary to comply with that act, to create a private portal for school district board of trustees or open-enrollment charter school governing body members, school administrators, and school counselors at a high school to access data for the member's, administrator's, or counselor's school district or open-enrollment charter school.

(c) Requires TEA to ensure the data posted under Subsection (a) is made available to school district board of trustees and open-enrollment charter school governing body members and superintendents to assist in adopting college, career, and military readiness plans under Section 11.186 and school counselors at a high school to assist the counselors in performing the duties under Section 33.007 (Counseling Regarding Postsecondary Education).

Sec. 7.043. STATEWIDE GOAL FOR CAREER READINESS. (a) Requires TEA, using the data posted under Section 7.0405(a), to create a quantifiable statewide goal for public school students to achieve career readiness, including by attaining a workforce-aligned credential while in high school.

(b) Requires TEA to update the goal created under Subsection (a) at least once every five years.

SECTION 3. Amends Section 11.186, Education Code, by amending Subsections (b) and (c) and adding Subsections (d), (e), and (f), as follows:

(b) Requires that each plan adopted under Subsection (a) (relating to requiring the board of trustees of each school district to adopt certain college, career, and military readiness plans):

(1) makes no changes to this subdivision;

(2) makes nonsubstantive changes to this subdivision;

(3) include specific annual goals for student completion of postsecondary credentials, including industry-based credentials, level one or level two certificates as defined by TEA, and associate degrees, while enrolled in high school;

(4) include annual goals for the outcomes of the district's annual graduates at one, three, and five years after graduation from high school, including certain goals;

(5) assign at least one district-level administrator or employee of the regional education service center for the district's region to perform certain actions, including submitting an annual report to the board of trustees, TEA, and the Legislative Budget Board on the district's performance and progress toward the goals set under the plan; and

(6) be reviewed and approved by majority vote annually by the board of trustees at a public meeting.

(c) Requires the board of trustees, in identifying and including goals in each plan adopted under Subsection (a) as provided by Subsection (b), to use longitudinal student outcomes data posted under Section 7.0405(a) and any other resources available to the board.

(d) Creates this subsection from existing text. Requires a school district to post the annual report described by Subsection (b)(5)(B) (relating to an annual report on the district's performance and progress toward the goals set under the plan), rather than Subsection (b)(3)(B), on the district's Internet website and on the Internet website, if any, of each campus in the district not later than two weeks before the date of the public meeting at which the report is reviewed and approved as required by Subsection (b)(6). Requires the district to update the annual report on each Internet website if any modifications are made to the report by the board of trustees.

(e) Requires the commissioner of education (commissioner) by rule to establish a deadline for the submission of the annual reports described by Subsection (b)(5)(B). Requires TEA to compile and make publicly accessible on TEA's Internet website the annual reports.

(f) Authorizes TEA to evaluate the goals identified or included in an annual report described by Subsection (b)(5)(B) to determine whether those goals align with state secondary, postsecondary, and workforce goals.

SECTION 4. Amends Section 28.0095, Education Code, by adding Subsection (c-1), as follows:

(c-1) Provides that, notwithstanding Subsection (c)(1)(A) (relating to providing that a student is eligible to enroll at no cost if the student is enrolled in a high school in a school district or charter school), a student otherwise described by Subsection (c) (relating to providing that a student is eligible if the student meets certain criteria) is eligible to enroll at no cost in a dual credit course under the Financial Aid for Swift Transfer (FAST) program if the student has graduated from high school but is:

(1) enrolled in a school district or open-enrollment charter school at a campus designated as a Pathways in Technology Early College High School (P-TECH) school under Section 29.556 (P-TECH School Designation and Grant Program) or in a school district participating in a partnership under Section 29.912 (Rural Pathway Excellence Partnership (P-REP) Program); and

(2) completing a course of study offered through an articulation agreement or memorandum of understanding with an institution of higher education and the district or school described by Subdivision (1), as applicable, under the P-TECH program under Subchapter N (Pathways in Technology Early College High School (P-TECH) Program), Chapter 29 (Educational Programs), or the Rural Pathway Excellence Partnership (R-PEP) program under Section 29.912.

SECTION 5. Amends Section 29.182(b), Education Code, to require that the state plan for career and technology education include procedures designed to ensure certain outcomes, including that a course of study offered under a Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps program established under 10 U.S.C. Section 2031 is considered a career and technology education program and to make nonsubstantive changes.

SECTION 6. Amends Sections 29.190(a-1), (b), and (c), Education Code, as follows:

(a-1) Prohibits a student from receiving more than two subsidies, rather than one subsidy, under Section 29.190 (Subsidy for Certification Examination).

(b) Provides that a teacher is entitled to a subsidy under this section if the teacher passes a certification examination related to career and technology education, rather than cybersecurity.

(c) Requires TEA, on approval by the commissioner, to pay each school district an amount equal to the cost paid by the district for a certification examination under this section, including any costs paid for associated fingerprinting or criminal history record information review. Requires the district, to obtain reimbursement for a subsidy paid under this section, to:

(1) pay the costs described by this subsection, rather than the fee for the examination; and

(2) submit to the commissioner a written application on a form prescribed by the commissioner stating the amount of the costs paid under Subdivision (1), rather than the fee paid under Subdivision (1) for the certification examination.

SECTION 7. Amends Subchapter Z, Chapter 29, Education Code, by adding Section 29.9016, as follows:

Sec. 29.9016. MILITARY PATHWAY GRANT PROGRAM. (a) Requires TEA to establish a grant program to provide money to school districts to implement a program under which the district:

(1) establishes a Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps program under 10 U.S.C. Section 2031 for students enrolled in high school in the district;

(2) annually administers the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery test to each student participating in the program described by Subdivision (1); and

(3) provides college and career counseling at least once per year to each student administered the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery test under Subdivision (2) based on the results of the test.

(b) Provides that the amount of each grant awarded under the grant program is $50,000.

SECTION 8. Amends Section 29.912, Education Code, by adding Subsection (c-1) and amending Subsection (j), as follows:

(c-1) Authorizes a school district that has participated in the R-PEP program to continue to participate in the R-PEP program regardless of the number of students in average daily attendance in the district for the current school year.

(j) Requires the commissioner to make grants available for use by a coordinating entity for a two-year period to assist with costs associated with the planning, development, establishment, or expansion, as applicable, of partnerships under the program using money appropriated for that purpose, federal funds, and any other funds available, rather than using a portion of state funds allocated under Section 48.118 (Rural Pathway Excellence Partnership (R-PEP) Allotments and Outcome Bonus) as well as money appropriated for that purpose, federal funds, and any other funds available. Prohibits the total amount of grants awarded under this subsection for a school year from exceeding $5 million.

SECTION 9. Amends Section 33.007, Education Code, by amending Subsection (b) and adding Subsection (d), as follows:

(b) Requires that the information about postsecondary education include information regarding:

(1) the importance of postsecondary education, including career readiness and workforce training opportunities;

(2)-(9) makes no changes to these subdivisions;

(10)-(11) makes nonsubstantive changes to these subdivisions;

(12) opportunities to complete career training and obtain a postsecondary credential while enrolled in high school, whether at the student's campus, another campus in the school district or open-enrollment charter school, or an educational institution that partners with the district or school, including information regarding program costs, program completion rates, and the average wages of students who complete the program; and

(13) the outcomes of graduates from the campus and school district or open-enrollment charter school in which the student is enrolled, including completion rates and average wages based on postsecondary pathways available to those graduates at the campus, district, or school using data posted under Section 7.0405(a).

(d) Requires TEA to make available to school counselors an annual online training regarding statewide trends identified in the data posted under Section 7.0405(a). Requires that the training include information to assist school counselors in identifying the postsecondary outcomes for students at the counselor's campus and school district or open-enrollment charter school for purposes of performing the counselor's duties under this section.

SECTION 10. Amends the heading to Section 39.0261, Education Code, to read as follows:

Sec. 39.0261. COLLEGE PREPARATION AND CAREER READINESS ASSESSMENTS.

SECTION 11. Amends Section 39.0261, Education Code, as follow:

(a) Provides that, in addition to the assessment instruments otherwise authorized or required by Subchapter B (Assessment of Academic Skills), high school students in the spring of the 11th grade or during the 12th grade are authorized to select and take once, at state cost, certain assessments, including a nationally recognized career readiness assessment instrument that measures foundational workforce skills approved by commissioner rule. Makes nonsubstantive changes.

SECTION 12. Amends Section 39.053, Education Code, by amending Subsections (a), (c), and (f) and adding Subsections (c-4), (f-1), (f-2), (f-3), and (f-4), as follows:

(a) Provides that the commissioner is required to periodically review the indicators for the consideration of appropriate revisions and is authorized, if the commissioner determines an indicator otherwise required under Subchapter C (Accrediation) is not valid or reliable, to exclude the indicator from the set of indicators adopted under Section 39.053 (Performance Indicators: Achievement).

(c) Requires that school districts and campuses be evaluated based on three domains of indicators of achievement adopted under this section that include:

(1) in the student achievement domain, indicators of student achievement that are required to include:

(A) makes no changes to this paragraph; and

(B) for evaluating the performance of high school campuses and districts that include high school campuses, indicators that account for certain students, including students who demonstrate military readiness through verified enlistment in the armed forces of the United States or the Texas National Guard or by achieving a passing score set by the commissioner on the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery Test and successfully completing a Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps program established under 10 U.S.C. Section 2031.

Makes nonsubstantive changes to this subsection.

(c-4) Requires TEA to study the college, career, and military readiness indicators adopted under Subsection (c) to determine the correlation of each indicator with postsecondary success, including the correlation of industry certifications with wages and available jobs. Requires that the value assigned to each indicator be based on the strength of the indicator's correlation with successful outcomes and updated in accordance with Subsection (f-1).

(f) Provides that, annually, the commissioner is required to define and is authorized to modify the state standards for each indicator, rather than the state standard for the current school year for each achievement indicator, adopted under this subchapter, rather than this section, in consultation with educators, parents, and business and industry representatives, as necessary. Requires the commissioner to increase the rigor by which the commissioner determines the overall performance ratings under Section 39.054(a), rather than to establish and modify standards, to continuously improve student performance to, not later than the 15th year after the date the commissioner modifies the performance standards under Subsection (f-1), achieve certain goals, including ensuring this state ranks nationally, rather than is a national leader, in the top five states in preparing students for postsecondary success and on the National Assessment of Educational Progress or its successor assessment. Makes nonsubstantive changes.

(f-1) Requires the commissioner, beginning with the indicators adopted for the 2027�2028 school year and as required to meet the goals under Subsection (f), to increase the scores needed to achieve performance standards on indicators adopted under this subchapter only every fifth school year unless an indicator adopted under Subsection (c) requires adjustment before that school year to ensure consistency of performance standards.

(f-2) Requires the commissioner, to the extent practicable, for each of the two school years preceding a school year the commissioner increases a score under Subsection (f-1), to report, in a manner that can be reviewed by school administrators, the overall performance of school districts and campuses under that increased score.

(f-3) Requires the commissioner, in reporting the performance of school districts and campuses on indicators adopted under this subchapter for a school year in which the score needed to achieve performance standards on one or more of those indicators was increased under Subsection (f-1), to include in the report an informational report on the performance of districts and campuses during the preceding school year under the increased score.

(f-4) Authorizes the commissioner, notwithstanding Subsection (f), to define state standards for an indicator adopted under this subchapter for multiple school years provided that the commissioner annually affirms that those standards are applicable to the current school year. Provides that the commissioner is not required to adopt the affirmation described by this subsection by rule.

SECTION 13. Amends Subchapter C, Chapter 39, Education Code, by adding Section 39.0531, as follows:

Sec. 39.0531. INDUSTRY CERTIFICATION LIST. (a) Requires TEA to maintain a list of industry certifications that are eligible for purposes of Section 39.053(c)(1)(B)(v) (relating to certain indicators of student achievement that account for students who earn industry certifications). Requires TEA, in developing the list, to consider the inventory of industry-recognized certifications developed under Section 312.003 (Inventory of Credentials and Certificates), Labor Code. Requires that the certifications fulfill certain requirements.

(b) Requires TEA to review the eligibility of industry certifications under Subsection (a), including whether the programs of study for those certifications still meet the requirements under that subsection in consultation with the advisory council established under Chapter 312 (Industry-Based Certification Advisory Council), Labor Code, and to the extent practicable, concurrently with the modification of performance standards under Section 39.053(f-1).

(c) Requires TEA, if, after reviewing an industry certification under Subsection (b), TEA determines the certification is no longer eligible for purposes of Section 39.053(c)(1)(B)(v) and should be removed from the list maintained under Subsection (a), to the extent practicable, to post on TEA's Internet website information regarding the removal of the certification not later than two years before the date TEA intends to remove the certification from the list.

(d) Authorizes a school district, during the three years following an agency's determination under Subsection (c) that an industry certification is no longer eligible for purposes of Section 39.053(c)(1)(B)(v), to receive the benefit of achievement indicators based on that industry certification for purposes of Section 39.053(c) only for a cohort of students who were participating in the program of study aligned with that certification during the school year the agency determines the certification is no longer eligible and earn the certification within the three-year period.

SECTION 14. Amends Section 45.105(c), Education Code, as follows:

(c) Authorizes local school funds from district taxes, tuition fees of students not entitled to a free education, other local sources, and state funds not designated for a specific purpose to be used for the purposes listed for state and county available funds and for purchasing appliances and supplies, paying insurance premiums, paying janitors and other employees, buying school sites, buying, building, repairing, and renting school buildings, including acquiring school buildings and sites by leasing through annual payments with an ultimate option to purchase, providing advising support as described by Section 48.0035(1), and educating students as described by Section 48.0035(2), and, except as provided by Subsection (c-1) (relating to prohibiting funds described by Subsection (c) from being used to initiate or maintain any action or proceeding against the state or entity of the state), for other purposes necessary in the conduct of the public schools determined by the board of trustees.

SECTION 15. Amends Subchapter A, Chapter 48, Education Code, by adding Sections 48.0035, as follows:

Sec. 48.0035. USE OF FUNDING FOR CERTAIN PURPOSES. Authorizes a school district to use funding to which the district is entitled under Chapter 48 (Foundation School Program) to:

(1) provide district graduates, during the first two years after high school graduation, advising support toward the successful completion of a certificate or degree program at a public institution of higher education or a postsecondary vocational training program; and

(2) educate a student who has graduated from high school but is enrolled in the district in a program through which the student may earn dual credit, including the P-TECH program under Subchapter N, Chapter 29, and the R-PEP program under Section 29.912.

SECTION 16. Amends Section 48.106, Education Code, by amending Subsection (a-1) and adding Subsections (a-2) and (a-3), as follows:

(a-1) Provides that, in addition to the amounts under Subsection (a), for each student in average daily attendance enrolled in a campus designated as a P-TECH school under Section 29.556, a district is entitled to $150, rather than $50 for each of a certain campus in which the student is enrolled.

(a-2) Provides that a district is entitled to funding under Subsection (a-1) for a student who has graduated from high school but is enrolled in the district in a program offered under Subchapter N, Chapter 29, through which the student is authorized to earn dual credit. Provides that the district is not entitled to any other funding under this chapter for a student described by this subsection.

(a-3) Provides that, notwithstanding Subsection (a), the total amount that is authorized to be used to provide allotments under Subsection (a) for courses described by Subsection (b)(1)(A)(ii) (relating to courses offered under a Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps program established under 10 U.S.C. Section 2031) for a school year is prohibited from exceeding $20 million. Requires the commissioner, if the total amount of allotments to which school districts are entitled under Subsection (a) for those courses for a school year exceeds the amount permitted under this subsection, to proportionately reduce each district's allotment under Subsection (a).

SECTION 17. Amends Sections 48.106(b)(1) and (1-a), Education Code, to redefine "approved career and technology education program" and "approved program of study."

SECTION 18. Amends Section 48.118, Education Code, by amending Subsections (a) and (f) and adding Subsections (a-1), (a-2), and (a-3), as follows:

(a) Provides that, subject to Subsection (a-1), for each full-time equivalent student in average daily attendance in grades 9 through 12 in a certain college or career pathway, a school district is entitled to a certain allotment. Makes a nonsubstantive change.

(a-1) Provides that a school district is eligible to receive an allotment under Subsection (a) only if the district has adopted a school calendar for that school year that provides for at least 175 instructional days or five instructional days per week for the majority of the school year.

(a-2) Authorizes the commissioner to waive the requirement under Subsection (a-1) for a school district for the 2025�2026 school year on application by the district if the district demonstrates that the district has adopted a school calendar for the 2026�2027 school year that complies with that subsection. Provides that this subsection expires September 1, 2026.

(a-3) Authorizes a school district described by Section 29.912(c-1), notwithstanding Subsection (a), to receive funding under this section for up to 110 percent of the number of students who qualified under Subsection (a) for the school year immediately preceding the school year in which the district's enrollment first reached 1,600 or more.

(f) Prohibits the total amount of state funding for allotments and outcomes bonuses under this section from exceeding $20 million, rather than $5 million, per year. Deletes existing text requiring TEA, if the total amount of allotments and outcomes bonuses to which school districts are entitled under this section exceeds the amount permitted under this subsection, to allocate state funding to districts under this section in allotments under Subsection (a) for which school districts participating in partnerships prioritized under Section 29.912(h) (relating to requiring the commissioner to give priority to partnerships in which participating districts contract with a certain coordinating entity) are eligible. Makes nonsubstantive changes.

SECTION 19. Amends Section 48.152(a)(2), Education Code, to redefine "new instructional facility."

SECTION 20. Amends Section 48.152(f), Education Code, as follows:

(f) Prohibits the amount appropriated for allotments under Section 48.152 (New Instructional Facility Allotment) from exceeding $150 million, rather than $100 million, in a school year. Provides that, if the total amount of allotments to which districts are entitled under this section for a school year exceeds the amount appropriated under this subsection, the commissioner, for new instructional facilities described by Subsection (a)(2)(D) (relating to defining new instructional facility), is authorized to remove a career and technology education program from the list of programs that qualify under that subsection. Makes nonsubstantive changes.

SECTION 21. Amends the heading to Section 48.155, Education Code, to read as follows:

Sec. 48.155. COLLEGE PREPARATION AND CAREER READINESS ASSESSMENT REIMBURSEMENT.

SECTION 22. Amends Section 48.156, Education Code, as follows:

Sec. 48.156. CERTIFICATION EXAMINATION REIMBURSEMENT. (a) Creates this subsection from existing text. Provides that a school district is entitled to reimbursement for the amount of a subsidy paid by the district for not more than two certification examinations, rather than for a student's certification examination, under Section 29.190(a) (relating to entitling a student to a subsidy under this section if the student meets certain requirements), including costs paid for associated fingerprinting or criminal history record information review, as provided by Section 29.190(c) (relating to requiring TEA, on approval by the commissioner, to pay each school district certain amounts).

(b) Provides that, notwithstanding Subsection (a), the total amount that is authorized to be used for reimbursement under that subsection for a school year is prohibited from exceeding $15 million, of which not more than $500,000 is authorized to be used to reimburse the costs of fingerprinting or criminal history record information review. Requires the commissioner, if the total amount to which school districts are entitled under Subsection (a) exceeds the amount permitted under this subsection, to proportionately reduce each school district's entitlement under this section.

SECTION 23. (a) Makes application of this section contingent upon passage of S.B. 1786.

(b) Amends Section 204.0025, Labor Code, as follows:

Sec. 204.0025. ADDITIONAL WORKFORCE DATA REPORTING. Requires the Texas Workforce Commission (TWC) to work with employers, rather than providing that subject to the availability of federal funding or other resources for the purpose it is the intent of the legislature that TWC work with employers, to enhance the reporting of employment and earnings data by employers to the commission as part of an employer's routine wage filings under Subtitle A (Texas Unemployment Compensation Act) or TWC rule and consistent with federal law and regulations. Requires that the enhanced wage filings include information related to wage, industry, occupational field, full-time and part-time status, county of primary employment, remote work status, rather than occupation, and other employment information necessary to conduct the assessment required under Section 302.0205, rather than information that would improve the state's labor market information.

SECTION 24. (a) Makes application of this section contingent upon the failure of S.B. 1786 to become law.

(b) Amends Section 204.0025, Labor Code, as follows:

Sec. 204.0025. ADDITIONAL WORKFORCE DATA REPORTING. Requires TWC to work with employers, rather than providing that subject to the availability of federal funding or other resources for the purpose, it is the intent of the legislature that TWC work with employers, to enhance the reporting of employment and earnings data by employers to the commission as part of an employer's routine wage filings under this subtitle or commission rule and consistent with federal law and regulations. Requires that the enhanced wage filings include information related to wage, industry, occupational field, full-time and part-time status, county of primary employment, remote work status, rather than occupation, and other important employment information that would improve the state's labor market information.

SECTION 25. Amends the heading to Section 312.003, Labor Code, to read as follows:

Sec. 312.003. INVENTORY OF CERTIFICATIONS.

SECTION 26. Amends Sections 312.003(a), (b), (c), and (d), Labor Code, as follows:

(a) Requires the advisory council to develop an inventory of industry-recognized certifications, rather than credentials and certificates, that are authorized to be earned by a public high school student through a career and technology education program and that meet certain criteria, including meeting the requirements of Section 39.0531(a), Education Code. Makes nonsubstantive changes.

(b) Makes conforming changes to this subsection.

(d) Makes a conforming change to this subsection,

SECTION 27. Repealer: Section 29.912(h) (relating to requiring the commissioner to give priority to partnerships in which participating districts contract with certain coordinating entities), Education Code.

SECTION 28. Requires TEA to first update the statewide goal for career readiness created under Section 7.043(a), Education Code, as added by this Act, in accordance with Subsection (b) of that section not later than the 2028�2029 school year.

SECTION 29. Provides that Sections 28.0095(c-1) and 29.9016, Education Code, as added by this Act, and Sections 29.190, 29.912, 33.007(b), and 39.0261(a), Education Code, as amended by this Act, apply beginning with the 2025�2026 school year.

SECTION 30. Provides that the changes in law made by Section 39.053, Education Code, as amended by this Act, and Section 39.0531, Education Code, as added by this Act, apply to accountability ratings beginning with the 2027�2028 school year.

SECTION 31. (a) Effective date, except as provided by Subsection (b) of this section and as otherwise provided by this Act: upon passage or September 1, 2025.

(b) Effective date, the amendments by this Act to Chapter 48, Education Code: September 1, 2025.